Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the mentoring relationship?
answer
The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.
question
The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:
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Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee.
question
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?
answer
A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?
answer
Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.
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Which of the following most accurately describes good mentoring practice?
answer
Encouraging trainees to receive mentoring from a collection of individuals.
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What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor?
answer
After trying to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek advice from a senior person that the trainee trusts.
question
Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring?
answer
Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.
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Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?
answer
Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research.
question
Reviewers have a responsibility to promote ethical peer review by:
answer
Preserving the confidentiality of the submission.
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The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:
answer
Control the quality of published papers.
question
A reviewer's main responsibility is to:
answer
Behave professionally.
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?
answer
Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.
question
The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:
answer
Intellectual merit and broader impact.
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?
answer
Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.
question
Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?
answer
The author can contact the editor with their concerns.
question
The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because:
answer
Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process​.
question
Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?
answer
Using materials from a source without proper citation.
question
Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?
answer
Plagiarism
question
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves:
answer
Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data.
question
Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points from the data set in order to generate a deceptive conclusion?
answer
Falsification
question
Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?
answer
To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
question
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?
answer
Good mentoring
question
Which of the following is true regarding research misconduct?
answer
Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.
question
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:
answer
Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
question
If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation?
answer
An investigation
question
According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct?
answer
Plagiarism
question
The typical first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation is called:
answer
The inquiry
question
If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?
answer
No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.
question
Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?
answer
Using materials from a source without proper citation.
question
When authors summarize the work of others, they typically should:
answer
Provide a condensed (shorter) version of the original material.
question
The primary way to determine whether an idea constitutes "common knowledge" is:
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Whether there is an expectation that the readers and the author would be very familiar with the material.
question
Paraphrasing another author's paragraph by substituting one or two words in each sentence and then adding one citation to the author at the end of the paragraph:
answer
May constitute plagiarism because the original material has not been sufficiently modified to constitute a proper paraphrase.
question
Which one of the following statements most accurately describes how plagiarism has been defined in this module?
answer
Plagiarism applies not only to ideas that are found in print but also those that are communicated verbally.
question
Authors who reuse portions of text that have appeared in one of their earlier published papers run the risk of being accused of:
answer
Self-plagiarism
question
An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if:
answer
It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the idea and its source.
question
The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:
answer
The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.
question
Ethical writing and scholarship is based on an implicit contract between the author and readers, whereby readers assume that what they read is accurate, has been written by the author, and has:
answer
Not been disseminated before unless noted otherwise.
question
Which one of the following is most likely to constitute an act of plagiarism?
answer
Copying someone else's text word-for-word without using quotation marks and adding a citation at the end of the material.
question
Michael McFarland argues that proximity is one reason why researchers have an obligation to help the public. Which of following most accurately describes what McFarland means by proximity?
answer
Having the specialized expertise to reduce technical risks.
question
Which of the following most accurately describes the Green Revolution?
answer
It involved mobilizing a technological system to improve food production.
question
Which of the following most accurately describes technological momentum?
answer
It is a system's inertia or resistance to change.
question
The main way in which the organization Doctors Without Borders acts on social responsibilities is by:
answer
Providing medical care in emergency situations.
question
Social responsibility is usually expressed in professional codes of ethics by stating that:
answer
Researchers have an obligation to the public.
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