Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.
question
Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?
answer
Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices?
answer
Both within and between disciplines, practices differ with regard to who should be included as an author, and in what order they should be listed.
question
Which of the following is true regarding authors who seek to publish the same content in multiple papers?
answer
If the same content s used in multiple papers, it is essential that this information be properly disclosed to journal editors and other relevant entities.
question
Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship?
answer
It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.
question
Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging?
answer
The collaborators may have different disciplinary and cultural backgrounds and practices.
question
The most important factor in determining whether a research collaboration will be successful is:
answer
Whether there is ongoing communication among the team members about their goals and responsibilities.
question
In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by:
answer
The type and source of funds used to support the project.
question
Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations?
answer
The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.
question
What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?
answer
It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research.
question
If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as:
answer
A personal conflict of interest.
question
The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:
answer
A conflict of interest committee
question
If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:
answer
A conflict of conscience
question
The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:
answer
Financial conflicts of interest
question
Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?
answer
It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.
question
Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?
answer
The organization that receives federal funding for a project.
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What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC)?
answer
To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects.
question
Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?
answer
Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.
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Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?
answer
Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins.
question
In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to:
answer
Whether operationalized terms actually measure what they purport to measure.
question
The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:
answer
Control the quality of published papers.
question
Which of the following is true regarding the traditional peer review process:
answer
Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?
answer
Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?
answer
Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.
question
The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:
answer
Intellectual merit and broader impact.
question
According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct?
answer
Plagiarism
question
Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points from the data set in order to generate a deceptive conclusion?
answer
Falsification
question
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?
answer
Good mentoring
question
Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?
answer
To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
question
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:
answer
Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
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