Authors who reuse portions of text that have appeared in one of their earlier published papers run the risk of being accused of:
answer
self-plagarism
question
Ethical writing and scholarship is based on an implicit contract between the author and readers, whereby readers assume that what they read is accurate, has been written by the author, and has:
answer
Not been disseminated before unless noted otherwise.
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An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if:
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It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the idea and its source.
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Which one of the following is most likely to constitute an act of plagiarism?
answer
Copying someone else's text word-for-word without using quotation marks and adding a citation at the end of the material.
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The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:
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The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.
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ordering authors alphabetically is a universally accepted strategy in professional fields
answer
false
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines?
answer
Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.
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Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section?
answer
The contributions of technicians and other researchers are often listed in the acknowledgments section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship.
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Which of the following is true regarding authors who seek to publish the same content in multiple papers?
answer
If the same content s used in multiple papers, it is essential that this information be properly disclosed to journal editors and other relevant entities.
question
Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship?
answer
It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.
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Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?
answer
The corresponding author.
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What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?
answer
The research team should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing.
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Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research?
answer
Industry sponsors of research may seek to place restrictions on the disclosure of research results.
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In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by:
answer
The type and source of funds used to support the project.
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What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?
answer
It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research.
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Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations?
answer
The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.
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The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:
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Financial conflicts of interest
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If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:
answer
A conflict of conscience
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Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?
answer
It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.
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Which of the following is true about the management of conflicts of interest?
answer
Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest.
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The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:
answer
A conflict of interest committee
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Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship?
answer
Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement.
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Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?
answer
Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.
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Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?
answer
The organization that receives federal funding for a project.
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What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management (DLM)?
answer
Confidentiality, availability, and integrity
question
In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to:
answer
Whether operationalized terms actually measure what they purport to measure.
question
Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between a mentor and a trainee?
answer
A mentor who recruits trainees merely for the mentor's own career advancement.
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The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:
answer
Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee.
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Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?
answer
A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.
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Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the mentoring relationship?
answer
The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?
answer
Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.
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The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:
answer
Control the quality of published papers.
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A reviewer's main responsibility is to:
answer
Behave professionally.
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The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:
answer
Intellectual merit and broader impact.
question
The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because:
answer
Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process​.
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?
answer
Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.
question
If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?
answer
No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.
question
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?
answer
Good mentoring
question
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:
answer
Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
question
If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation?
answer
An investigation
question
Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?
answer
Plagiarism
question
Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report?
answer
The Tuskegee Study
question
Which statement best describes the role of an IRB:
answer
A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research
question
Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?
answer
A description of the research's potential benefits and risks
question
Which statement best describes what an IRB is responsible for reviewing?
answer
Research involving a human subject
question
As a first step, what must be done before enrolling a young child in a research protocol?
answer
The risks and benefits must be explained to the child's parents or legally authorized representative.
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