Medical Terminology Chapter 2-The Human Body In Health & Disease ( Part 1)

The study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

Formative material of cells

Cell (word root)

Not having a specialized function or structure

Having a specialized function or structure

Meaning blood forming

A fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

The study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

Male chromosome pair

Female chromosome pair

DNA

Packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix

Also known as a *hereditary disorder*, is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

A group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

This type of tissue forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

This type of tissue supports and connects organs and other body tissues

This type of tissue contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

This type of tissue contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

Tissue (word root)

A specialist in the study of the organization of tissues at all levels

This specialized tissue forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

This specialized tissue lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

This type of tissue, such as bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body

Also known as *fat*, this tissue provides protective padding, insulation, and support

Fat (word root)

This tissue surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

These tissues are blood and lymph and transport nutrients and waste products through the body

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Meaning without (prefix)

Meaning formation (suffix)

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. A characteristic of tumor formations in cancer

Meaning excessive (prefix)

Abnormal development or growth in cells, tissues, or organs

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues. Not due to tumor formation

A group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

These glands secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands

The glands produce hormones, do not have ducts, and are secreted directly into the bloodstream and then transported to organs and structures throughout the body

The inflammation of a gland

Meaning harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening

A benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue

Meaning tumor (suffix)

Meaning not life threatening

A part of the body that performs a specific function

The study of the cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function. Also meaning a condition produced by disease

meaning disease; and also suffering (word root)

A specialist in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis

Meaning after death

The study of the causes of diseases

A disease-producing microorganism such as a virus or bacterium

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other bodily fluids that are contaminated with blood

This occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze

Also known as *fecal-oral transmission*, this is caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present

A specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

The ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

An outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

An unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment, such as severe burns resulting from radiation therapy

An illness without known cause

An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Also known as a *birth defect*, this disorder can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

The study of the medical problem and care of the aged

The basic unit of structure and function in living things