MACRO FINAL 2

18 June 2023
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An increase in interest rates (due to a decrease in the money supply) will
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reduce aggregate demand.
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When the Fed sells bonds in the open market, we can expect:
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bond prices to fall and interest rates to rise.
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Which of the following is true regarding the reserve requirements?
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The Fed does not change them much at all because doing so would make banking operations more difficult.
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The major tools of monetary policy available to the Federal Reserve System are
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reserve requirements, open-market operations, and the discount rate.
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The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is
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appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate
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The _____ rate is the interest rates charged when a bank lends reserves to another bank.
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federal funds
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If the Fed sells government bonds, bank reserves will:
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decrease, leading to a decrease in the money supply.
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A liquidity trap is said to exist when a change in monetary policy has no effect on:
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interest rates and investment
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During an economic slump, policies that lower interest rates may not actually boost investment because:
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of pessimistic expectations by businesses about the future of the economy.
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Which of the following is not a function of the Federal Reserve System?
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It determines tax levels in conjunction with the U.S. Treasury.
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What are the three types of monetary policy lags?
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the recognition lag, the implementation lag, and the impact lag.
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When a member bank borrows reserves from the Fed,
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it pays an interest rate called the discount rate.
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Which of the following are primary functions of a central bank? I. act as a regulator of banks II. issue government bonds III. set monetary policy IV. regulate dividend payments by corporations
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I and III
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Suppose the economy experiences a recessionary gap. Expansionary monetary policy will:
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decrease interest rates and increase investment.
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When the Fed conducts an open market sale, it
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reduces the money supply and raises interest rates
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The Federal Reserve System I. is the central bank for the United States. II. is a United States government owned bank. III. is a branch of the Treasury of the United States.
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I only
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Suppose the economy experiences a recessionary gap. Expansionary monetary policy that increases the money supply will
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increase real GDP and increase the price level.
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If inflation is a threat, then the Fed will be expected to engage in:
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contractionary monetary policy.
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When the Federal Reserve conducts open market transactions, it
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buys or sells previously issued government bonds.
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Which of the following are monetary policy goals? I. maintain high interest rates II. keep unemployment rates low III. reduce the size of the banking sector IV. prevent high rates of inflation
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II and IV
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To an economist, buying assets like stocks and bonds is a way to:
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save.
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Which of the following decreases the demand for money?
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a decrease in real GDP (income)
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Who of the following would not generate demand for dollars
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U.S. residents who demand foreign goods, services, and assets.
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Suppose a bank has $10,000 in deposits and $1,000 in reserves. The required reserve ratio is 5%. Which of the following occurs if the required reserve ratio is increased to 10%?
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The bank's required reserves will increase to $1,000.
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If the Fed acts to decrease the money supply,
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it will increase the supply of bonds, drive bond prices down, and drive interest rates up.
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An increase in interest rates due to a decrease in the money supply will
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reduce aggregate demand
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If the Federal Reserve is currently paying 1% interest on excess bank reserves deposited with the Fed, but then reduces that interest rate to 0.5%, banks may decide to generate ______ loans, and the money supply may _____.
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more; increase
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Which of the following increases the demand for money?
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an increase in the price level
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If the supply of bonds in the United States decreases, bond prices will rise. When bond prices rise interest rates will
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fall, which will make U.S. financial assets less attractive to foreigners.
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A $1,000 bond, which matures in one year, has a price of $925. The interest rate on this bond is
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8.11%.
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All of the following are determinants of money demand except
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the money supply.
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In deciding how much money to hold, individuals
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evaluate the relative costs and benefits of holding money versus other assets such as bonds.
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Suppose you sell a $1,000 bond that matures in 1 year for $950. Calculate the interest rate you will have to pay on this bond.
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5.3%
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An increase in interest rates is likely to cause
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firms and households to decrease the quantity of money demanded.
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The process by which risks are shared among many different assets or people is called
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diversification.
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Stockholders receive returns on their financial investment in the form of _____ and _____.
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capital gains; dividends
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The crowding-out effect refers to which of the following?
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reductions in private investment spending that is a result of increased government borrowing
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The demand for bonds curve slopes downwards because
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at lower prices, bonds pay higher interest which makes them more attractive to buyers.
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Shares of stock are:
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claims to partial ownership of a firm.
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When the central bank sells $1,000,000 worth of government bonds to the public in a fractional reserve banking system (rrr<1), then the money supply:
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decreases by more than $1,000,000.
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The supply of bonds curve slopes upwards because
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lower prices raises the cost of borrowing which makes them less attractive to suppliers.
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Suppose the government issues bonds to finance an increase in government spending. In the bond market,
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the supply curve shifts right, leading to a decrease in bond prices, and an increase in interest rates.
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If the Fed acts to increase the money supply,
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it will buy bonds, drive bond prices up, and drive interest rates down.
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If the Fed increases the discount rate, it is pursuing:
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a contractionary policy because it will be more costly for banks to borrow funds and this puts upward pressure on interest rates in the economy.
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Action taken by the Fed to reduce the money supply will tend, all other things unchanged,
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to reduce investment spending.
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The rate of return that financial investors require to hold a risky asset minus the rate of return on a safe asset is called the:
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risk premium.
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A $100 bond, which matures in one year, has a price of $75. The interest rate on this bond is
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33 1/3%.
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The risk-free rate is:
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All of these are true.
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If bond prices rise,
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interest rates fall, which in turn, stimulate investment.
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The interest rate on newly issued bonds is usually higher for bonds with ______ terms and ______ risk that the borrower will go bankrupt.
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longer; greater
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For a given level of reserves, an increase in the reserve requirement ratio will
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increase required reserves and decrease the money supply.
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An increase in the demand for bonds
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increases the price of bonds which lowers the interest rate.
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A fall in the price of bonds may lead to a (an):
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increase in interest rates, which causes a decrease in aggregate demand due to a decrease in consumption spending.
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Which of the following decreases the demand for money?
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a decrease in the price level
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What happens in the money market when there is an increase in the supply of money?
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The equilibrium quantity of money increases and the equilibrium interest rate decreases.
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What happens in the money market when there is a decrease in the supply of money?
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The equilibrium quantity of money decreases and the equilibrium interest rate increases.
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A lower real interest rate ______ saving and ______ consumption spending.
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decreases; increases