History 160 Chapter 13

29 August 2022
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question
Which of the following was the most common way slaves reacted to their bondage?
answer
Small-scale resistance
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Why were open slave revolts uncommon in the South?
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Heavily armed whites outnumbered blacks two to one by 1860.
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What percentage of nonslaveholding rural white men were landless and very poor?
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25 percent
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.African American Christianity, created by slaves themselves,
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emphasized justice.
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How did yeomen in the plantation belt of the South feel about wealthy planters?
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They relied on planters to ship and sell their cotton for them.
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.Most plantation mistresses kept their opinions on issues to themselves, but the diarist Mary Boykin Chesnut echoed most women in railing against
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miscegenation.
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After 1820, what caused slavery to become more profitable, which in turn increased the South's political power?
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Cotton production expanded to the West.
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Elite Southerners maintained their power over the yeoman majority by
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convincing yeomen of their shared interests.
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.Which staple crop was grown almost exclusively along a narrow strip of coast stretching from the Carolinas into Georgia?
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Rice
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How important was agriculture to the economy of the North?
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It combined with commerce and manufacturing in a mixed economy.
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.How did the institution of slavery affect social relations in the South?
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Whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class
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What happened to slave men when they became elderly?
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They moved on to new jobs, like cleaning stables.
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Most free blacks in the antebellum South
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lacked education.
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How did powerful whites defend slavery from attacks by critics?
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They used intimidation tactics to silence critics.
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Which statement describes the daily lives of southern women on the plantation
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They worked long hours performing plantation duties.
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In 1860, the largest number of white Southerners
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were nonslaveholding yeoman farmers.
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How did white Virginians respond to the violence of Nat Turner's rebellion?
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White Virginians blamed the revolt on outside agitators.
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What was the primary cause of the growth in the southern slave population between 1790 and 1869?
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Natural reproduction
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Which statement characterizes white Southerners in the antebellum South
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Most white Southerners did not own slaves.
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In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that the major differences between the North and South revolved around
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the southern institution of slavery.
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How did slaves manipulate planters' emphasis on paternalism?
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Slaves sometimes negotiated concessions like small garden plots.
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The rarest job on the plantation for slaves was that of driver, the person who
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made sure all slaves worked hard.
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In 1790, there were fewer than 700,000 slaves in the South; by 1860 that number had increased to about
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4 million.
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.Which statement characterizes the religion of southern plain folk?
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Southern plain folk enjoyed religious revivals.
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What was a consequence of the South's lack of economic diversity?
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Newly arrived European immigrants tended to settle in the North.
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Most upcountry yeomen focused on cultivating
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food.
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The economy of the upcountry South depended on
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barter.
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As the price of slaves continued to rise, masters began to treat their slaves marginally better because
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it was in the master's best interest to treat his slaves well enough so they could have children.
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According to South Carolina political leader John C. Calhoun, what happened in states where slavery was abolished?
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The condition of blacks got worse.
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What did plantation owners mean when they described the master-slave relationship in terms of "paternalism?"
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A slave's labor and obedience were exchanged for the master's care and guidance.