_____________is the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature.
answer
Heat
question
Isaac wants to make s'mores. He holds a marshmallow on a metal skewer over a fire. A few seconds later, the marshmallow is cooked and the skewer feels warm. What most likely happened?
answer
Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.
question
Shelly tells a friend that her computer needs to be fixed because it has been producing a lot of heat and is smoking. Where is the error in her statement?
answer
Her computer is producing thermal energy, not heat.
question
Which best explains why water boils in a pot sitting over fire?
answer
Thermal energy from the fire moves to the water in the form of heat.
question
If a cup of coffee is at 90°C and a person with a body temperature of 36°C touches it, how will heat flow between them?
answer
from the cup to the hand
question
Heat flows from_________________substances.
answer
hot to cold
question
A stovetop burner on medium reaches 200°C. Which other objects will heat from the burner flow to? Check all that apply.
answer
Incorrect recheck all that applies:
the surrounding air *
a cool pan*
a pan heated to 223°C
cool water inside a pan
someone who touches it*
question
What must be true about two objects if heat is flowing between them?
answer
The objects must be different temperatures.
question
Which substance is most likely to heat up the fastest?
answer
copper (specific heat of .39 /g • C°)
question
The metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house. What can be said about the coils when they are accepting the heat inside the house?
answer
They must be cooler than the air inside the house.
question
How do the metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner help keep a house cool?
answer
They insulate the house from outside thermal energy. "NC"
They conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house.
They insulate the surrounding air from indoor thermal energy.
They conduct thermal energy from outside the house and release it inside the house.
question
When Object 1 came into contact with Object 2, Object 2 got warmer. What can be concluded about the objects before they came into contact with each other?
answer
Object 1 had faster-moving particles.
question
How does a foam-filled winter coat help keep a person warm?
answer
It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat. "NC"
It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.
It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat.
It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.
question
Which describes how fast-moving particles assist in transferring thermal energy to a cup after hot tea is poured into it?
answer
They collide with slow-moving particles.
question
What must be true about two objects for conduction to take place?
answer
The objects must be different temperatures and they must be in contact.
question
Conduction can occur within a single substance, but parts of the substance must have which property?
answer
different temperatures
different textures
different particle sizes "NC"
different colors
question
Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or
answer
thermal energy
question
What occurs when someone places an ice pack on an injured ankle?
answer
Heat from the ankle is transferred to the ice pack.
question
In which areas of the diagram does conduction occur?
answer
X and Z
question
Which contains the particles that are vibrating fastest?
answer
boiling water
question
The diagram shows the sun's interior. Convection currents are present in the convection zone.
Which best describes how fluids change as they travel through different portions of the convection currents?
answer
They become more dense at the outer portion of the convection currents
question
Which area of Earth is most similar to the sun's convection zone?
answer
the mantle
question
Yami pours powdered cocoa mix into milk and stirs it. Then she microwaves the mixture for three minutes. When she takes the cup out, the handle is very warm. Steam rises from the cup, so she blows it before taking a sip. In which part of this scenario can convection be best observed?
answer
rising steam from the cup of cocoa
question
The diagram shows how air circulation forms a sea breeze on a warm day.
Which best describes what is happening in the diagram?
answer
At point 4, thermal energy from warm air over the land is transferred upward toward cooler areas of the atmosphere
question
Water is boiling in a clear pot, as shown in the picture.
Which takes place as water cycles from the bottom of the pot toward the top?
answer
Thermal energy is transferred.
question
Which best describes the shape of a convection current?
answer
circular
question
When Xavier places his hands near a light bulb, he notices that certain areas around the light bulb are warmer than others. Which best explains this?
answer
The area directly above the light bulb is warmest because of convection.
question
A student places a large pot of cold water on a stove and heats it for one minute. Then she takes the pot of water off the burner and places it on the counter. Which best describes the convection currents?
answer
After the stove is turned off, convection currents continue to transfer energy through the water for a period of time
question
Convection only occurs in
answer
fluids
question
The lava lamp has a light bulb as a heat source at its base. The lamp contains a colored, waxy fluid that can be observed moving in clumps through a clear liquid.
Which indicates that the clump of waxy fluid at the center of the lamp is moving downward rather than upward?
answer
Its temperature increases before it decreases again.
question
Which best describes the shape of a convection current?
answer
circular
question
Where could convection currents form? Check all that apply.
answer
in a freshwater lake
in the atmosphere
in Earth's mantle
question
Which is required for convection to occur?
answer
a heat source
question
Which best describes convection?
answer
It relies on the collision of particles within or between substances.
It occurs in solids, liquids, or gases that are heated."NC"
It results when portions of a liquid cool and rise.
It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid.
question
Which best describes the convection currents in Earth's mantle?
answer
They transfer thermal energy away from Earth's core toward its crust.
question
How does radiation help treat cancer?
answer
It heats up the cancer cells and weakens them.
question
Car manufacturers use radiation for which task?
answer
drying paint
question
A diagram that shows thermal energy being released by objects is called a
answer
electromagnetic wave "nc"
question
Which material most likely gets the warmest when placed in the Sun?
answer
white cement
beige sand
brown mulch
yellow pebbles "nc"
question
A thermogram of a house shows high amounts of thermal energy around the windows but not around the roof. Which conclusion is best supported by the thermogram?
answer
The windows take in a lot of solar radiation.
The roof takes in a lot of solar radiation. "nc"
The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is.
The roof is not energy efficient, but the windows are.
question
A(n) _______ is a material that causes a wave to bounce off of it.
answer
reflector
question
The owner of a window-treatment company wants to design shades that will cover the windows of a house. The shades should also warm the house by maximizing the absorption of solar energy coming through the windows.
Which kind of material would best accomplish this task?
answer
black and textured
question
Why is thermal energy from the Sun transferred to Earth through electromagnetic waves instead of any other type of thermal energy transfer?
answer
Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.
question
A farmer places unhatched chicken eggs under a heat lamp. How does the radiation help the eggs?
answer
It keeps the eggs warm until they hatch.
question
Which energy change occurs during boiling?
answer
Heat energy is absorbed by the substance.
question
Jean has a sample of a liquid. If she changes the liquid's phase by _________ it, the molecules will spread out, allowing the sample to expand and fill a container of any shape or volume.
answer
evaporating
question
Which example involves a phase change in which heat energy is released by the substance?
answer
freezing ice cream
question
When does carbon dioxide absorb the most heat energy?
answer
during sublimation
question
A gaseous substance turns into a solid. Which best describes this change?
answer
A substance that has no specific volume changes to a substance that has a specific volume.
question
Which is the correct order of materials in terms of reflectivity, from least to greatest?
answer
black asphalt, brown soil, beige sand, white paper
question
Which indicates that thermal energy is no longer being transferred from boiling water to a mug?
answer
The water and the mug are the same temperature.
question
For conduction to occur, particles must be
answer
in contact
question
Consider the statement below.
"When nitrogen is liquefied, heat is released."
Is this statement true or false?
answer
It is true because heat is released when a gas changes to a liquid
question
A solid substance turns into a liquid. Which best describes this change?
answer
A substance that has a specific shape and volume changes to a substance that has a specific volume.
question
Which statement best describes heat and thermal energy?
answer
They represent different concepts.
question
Cindy pours cool milk into a hot bowl of oatmeal and then stirs it with a room-temperature spoon. Which substance will have heat flow from it to the other substances?
answer
oatmeal
question
Conduction stops when all substances have
answer
equal temperatures
question
Which of these actions would increase heat transfer between two objects?
answer
increasing the area of their contact
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