ECON 201 Ch 17

7 September 2022
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Game theory
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The study of how people behave in strategic situations.
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Game theory is
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not necessary for understanding competitive or monopoly markets.
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In studying oligopolistic markets, economists assume that
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each oligopolist cares only about its own profit.
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An agreement between two duopolists to function as a monopolist usually breaks down because
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each duopolist wants a larger share of the market in order to capture more profit.
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As the number of sellers in an oligopoly becomes very large
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the quantity of output approaches the socially efficient quantity. the price approaches marginal cost. the price effect is diminished.
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Nash equilibrium
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A situation in which firms choose their best strategy given the strategies chosen by the other firms in the market
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In a duopoly situation, the logic of self-interest results in a total output level that
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exceeds the monopoly level of output, but falls short of the competitive level of output.
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In a typical cartel agreement, the cartel maximizes profit when it
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behaves as a monopolist.
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When strategic interactions are important to pricing and production decisions, a typical firm will
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consider how competing firms might respond to its actions.
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In the prisoners' dilemma game, self-interest leads
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each prisoner to confess. to a breakdown of any agreement that the prisoners might have made before being questioned. to an outcome that is not particularly good for either prisoner.
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The likely outcome of the standard prisoners' dilemma game is that
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both prisoners confess
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From society's standpoint, cooperation among oligopolists is
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undesirable, because it leads to output levels that are too low and prices that are too high.
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The primary purpose of antitrust legislation is to
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protect the competitiveness of U.S. markets.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits executives of competing companies from
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even talking about fixing prices.
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According to the Clayton Act
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individuals can sue to recover damages from illegal cooperative agreements.
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Predatory pricing refers to
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a monopoly firm reducing its price in an attempt to maintain its monopoly.