Which of these is a property of a substance that is composed of atoms that are held together by ionic bonds?
answer
It conducts electricity when it is dissolved in water.
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Which statement best describes the effect of low ionization energies and low electronegativities on metallic bonding?
answer
The valence electrons are easily delocalized.
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Which reason best explains why metals are shiny?
answer
because their valence electrons oscillate between bands
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The incomplete table below shows selected characteristics of different types of bonds.
What type of bond is most likely being represented in row 1?
answer
metallic
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Based on its location in the periodic table, what can most likely be predicted about phosphorus?
answer
It has five valence electrons available for bonding.
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An element has six valence electrons available for bonding. Which group of the periodic table does this element most likely belong to?
answer
group 16
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Which statement is true about ionic compounds?
answer
Ionic compounds have varying solubilities in water.
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Which compound has the highest melting point?
answer
Al2(CO3)3
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Which statement best describes the properties of metals?
answer
They are shiny and bend without breaking.
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The incomplete table below shows selected properties of compounds that have ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds.
Which substance would be most suitable for row 3?
answer
sodium chloride (NaCl)
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Which element is likely to be the most brittle?
answer
selenium
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The table below shows the electronegativity values of various elements on the periodic table.
Which pair of atoms would form a covalent bond ?
answer
oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl)
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Lewis structures cannot
answer
show the strength of bonds.
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Which is the Lewis structure for H3PO4?
answer
A
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Which of the following compounds would be expected to have the strongest ionic bonds?
answer
the compound that has the smallest ions with the greatest charge
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How do ionic bonds affect the properties of ionic compounds?
answer
The bonds prevent electrons from moving throughout the crystal, so a solid ionic compound is a poor conductor.
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Which statement indicates that a substance may be an ionic compound?
answer
It is made up of a crystal lattice.
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How many valence electrons are available for bonding in bromine (Br)?
answer
seven
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What leads to the formation of an ionic bond with Hg22+?
answer
the attraction of an SO42- ion
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Which type of bond will most likely be found in HBr?
answer
a polar covalent bond
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What is the best reason for the difference in properties of LiCl and C6H14O?
answer
One compound is covalent, and the other is ionic.
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Which characteristics of metal atoms help explain why valence electrons in a metal are delocalized?
answer
Metal atoms are large and have low electronegativities.
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How many valence electrons are available for bonding in silicon?
answer
four
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Which statement is generally true about CaCl2?
answer
Its bonds are formed by large differences in electronegativity.
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In a piece of metal, what holds the atoms together?
answer
the positive charges of the nuclei and the negative charges of delocalized electrons
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Which chemical species can form an ionic bond with an anion?
answer
Hg22+
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Which statement describes the valence electrons in metallic bonds?
answer
They are shared among many atoms.
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Which compound most likely contains polar covalent bonds?
answer
NF3
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Which is a property of covalent compounds?
answer
They have a low boiling poin
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A substance conducts an electric current when it is in the liquid state. What would the conductivity of the substance in solid form indicate about the type of bond in the substance?
answer
If the solid is conductive, the bonds are metallic.
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What is a three-dimensional structure that represents the alternating pattern of particles in a crystal?
answer
a crystal lattice
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Which statement describes the electron sea model for metallic bonding?
answer
This model is the simplest model.
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What does it mean that valence electrons in a metal are delocalized?
answer
The valence electrons move between atoms in shared orbitals.
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Which element has the lowest ionization energy?
answer
cesium (Cs)
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Which reason best explains why metals are malleable?
answer
because they have delocalized electrons
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Which type of bonding involves the complete transfer of a valence electron from a less electronegative atom to a more electronegative one?
answer
ionic bonding
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Which of the following do Lewis structures help us understand?
answer
the number of electrons that are involved in the bonding of the molecule
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A plate of the steel hull of a ship develops a large crack when the ship strikes a reef. Analysis of the steel's composition shows higher-than-normal levels of an element that could explain why the plate cracked instead of bending.
Which element is most likely suspected?
answer
sulfur
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Which best describes why NH4+ can form an ionic bond with Cl-?
answer
Its positive charge is attracted to the negative charge of Cl-.
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Which describes a step in the process of forming an ionic bond?
answer
A metal atom loses electrons and becomes a positive ion.
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