Chapter 9

Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow

Viewed from above in the Southern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow

Dry climates characterize the ______ flank of subtropical highs.

The western flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by

A broad region of light winds or calm air prevails

Subtropical anticyclones are ______-core circulation systems.

Over a broad region about the center of a subtropical high, the horizontal air pressure gradient is relatively ______ and winds are ______.

The trade winds blow out of the ______ flank of the subtropical anticyclones.

In the Northern Hemisphere, trade winds blow from the __________.

In the Southern Hemisphere, trade winds blow from the _________.

The global westerlies blow out of the ______ flank of the subtropical anticyclones.

The tropical deserts of the world are found at latitudes near 30 degrees latitude because

Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, winds above the atmospheric boundary layer blow ______ about the center of a subtropical high.

Viewed from above, surface winds blow ______ about the Icelandic low.

The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is usually located where Earth's mean annual surface temperature ______.

The trade winds of the two hemispheres

the ITCZ

A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that contrast in

Hadley cells are located in ______ latitudes of both hemispheres.

Hadley cells are

Hadley cell circulation causes air to ______ in the ITCZ and ______ in the subtropical anticyclones.

In the Northern Hemisphere, with the shift from winter to summer, the semi-permanent subtropical highs shift __________.

In the Northern Hemisphere, with the shift from summer to winter, the semi-permanent subtropical anticyclones shift __________.

In the Southern Hemisphere spring, the subtropical highs shift

The middle latitude westerlies are ______energetic in winter than in summer.

When viewed from above, subtropical gyres rotate in a ______ direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in a ______ direction in the Southern Hemisphere as a result of the Coriolis Effect.

A monsoon circulation characterizes regions where seasonal reversals in prevailing winds cause ______ summers and relatively ______ winters.

On a typical day, ______ Rossby long-waves encircle the globe.

Which one of the following westerly wave patterns favors the maximum north-south exchange of air masses?

The westerly wave pattern that is likely to persist for the longest time is

A blocking pressure system is associated with a ______ flow pattern in the westerlies.

Across the United States, temperature contrasts are generally greatest during a ______ circulation pattern in the westerlies.

In the Midwest, drought is most likely with a ______ circulation pattern in the westerlies.

Narrow corridors of very strong winds within the atmosphere are known as

Horizontal divergence occurs to the ______ of an upper-air trough.

Horizontal convergence occurs to the ______ of an upper-air ridge.

Horizontal divergence occurs to the ______ of an upper-air ridge.

Horizontal convergence occurs to the ______ of an upper-air trough.

A synoptic-scale cyclone is most likely to develop on the ______ side of an upper-air trough.

A synoptic-scale cyclone is most likely to develop on the ______ side of an upper-air ridge.

In an essentially straight jet streak viewed from above, the strongest horizontal divergence takes place in the ______ quadrant.

The polar front jet stream is usually located in southern Canada in

The Southern Oscillation

In the Northern Hemisphere, Ekman transport of surface ocean waters is about _________ the surface wind direction.

upwelling

El Niño can be described as the ________ phase of the Southern Oscillation, and La Niña the ________ phase.

An extreme and persistent El Niño

During "neutral" conditions, sea surface temperatures are highest in the ________ tropical Pacific.

In the ENSO Alert System, an El Niño or La Niña ________ is issued when El Niño or La Niña conditions have developed and are expected to continue.

The ENSO Observing system consists of