1. In the program planning process, the group who will be served is referred to as the
a. key informants.
b. pilot population.
c. priority population.
d. general population.
answer
c. priority population.
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2. The process by which those who are planning programs can determine what health problems might exist in any population is called
a. survey.
b. evaluation.
c. research.
d. assessment.
answer
d. assessment.
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3. Administering surveys, facilitating focus groups, and conducting interviews are examples of
a. primary data collection.
b. secondary data collection.
c. tertiary data collection.
d. statistical data collection.
answer
a. primary data collection.
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4. What type of data collection is most likely to be timely and expensive?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Statistical
answer
a. Primary
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5. Which of the following is NOT an important question for a needs assessment?
a. What is the cost of the needs?
b. Who is the priority population?
c. Where are any subgroups located geographically?
d. What is currently being done to resolve identified needs?
answer
a. What is the cost of the needs?
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6. Which of the following is NOT an example of primary data obtained through observation?
a. Windshield tours
b. Walk-throughs
c. Photovoice (participatory data collection)
d. Individual surveys
answer
d. Individual surveys
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7. Which is a main goal of Photovoice?
a. To enable people to record and reflect on their community's strengths and concerns
b. To audio record the oral history of a community
c. To highlight the key community members on tape
d. To document preconceived ideas about the community
answer
a. To enable people to record and reflect on their community's strengths and concerns
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8. Telephone interviews
a. have only one reliable method of selecting participants.
b. can use random digit dialing.
c. are quite expensive compared to other methods.
d. make it easier to reach participants that other methods.
answer
b. can use random digit dialing.
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9. Funding that is earmarked or dedicated to a specific health problem or determinant is termed
a. research funding.
b. strategic funding.
c. categorical funding.
d. temporary funding.
answer
c. categorical funding.
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10. The American Cancer Society and the American Heart Association are examples of
a. federal agencies.
b. fee-for-service organizations.
c. non-governmental agencies.
d. research arms of the CDC.
answer
c. non-governmental agencies.
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11. One source of secondary data about substance abuse and mental health is:
a. SAMHSA
b. US Census Bureau
c. NCI
d. EPA
answer
a. SAMHSA
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12. Examples of health-focused data bases include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Cumulative Index to Nursing Literature (CINL)
b. Medline
c. PsycINFO
d. ERIC
answer
d. ERIC
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13. HIAs are based on four values, which of the following is NOT one of the values?
a. Democracy
b. Equality
c. Multiculturalism
d. Ethical Use of Evidence
answer
c. Multiculturalism
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14. Which of the following is NOT a step to increase the accuracy of self-reported data?
a. Conduct a pilot study
b. Employ multiple methods
c. Use experimental groups only
d. Use multiple measures
answer
c. Use experimental groups only
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1. Data already collected by someone else are considered secondary data.
answer
ANSWER: True
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2. Secondary data are often quite expensive to access.
answer
ANSWER: False
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3. Key informants are strategically placed individuals who have knowledge and the ability to report on the needs of those in the priority population.
answer
ANSWER: True
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4. The Nominal Group Process is highly structured.
answer
ANSWER: True
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5. A good needs assessment considers both the needs identified by the planners and the concerns of the target population.
answer
ANSWER: True
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6. The Basic Priority Rating Process (BPR) is a method to quantify the subjective process of prioritizing.
answer
ANSWER: True
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7. A community forum involves a moderator who encourages those present from the priority population to share their concerns with others.
answer
ANSWER: True
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8. One disadvantage of collecting secondary data is that a needs assessment instrument must to be developed.
answer
ANSWER: False
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9. A windshield tour is a type of unobtrusive observation to look for indicators of community health and well-being.
answer
ANSWER: True
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10. A benefit of using focus groups to collect needs assessment data is that they are very easy to conduct.
answer
ANSWER: False
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11. The Delphi Technique is usually carried out in a room where planners and people from the target population sit down face-to-face to discuss needs.
answer
ANSWER: False
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12. Why is assessing the needs of the priority population possibly the most critical step in the planning process?
answer
ANSWER:
It provides objective data to define important health problems, it sets priorities for program implementation, and it establishes a baseline for evaluating program impact.
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13. What are three of the six questions Peterson and Alexander suggested that a needs assessment should answer?
answer
ANSWER (any three of the following):
Who is the priority group?
What are the needs of the priority population?
Which subgroups within the priority population have the greatest needs?
What is currently being done to resolve identified needs?
Where are these subgroups located geographically?
How well have the identified needs been addressed in the past?
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14. Name three types of opinion leaders and three of their common characteristics.
answer
ANSWER: (any three of the following types and characteristics):
Types: political figures, CEOs, union leaders, administrators of school districts, and other highly visible and respected individuals
Characteristics: They are discriminating users of the media, may be demographically similar to the priority population, are knowledgeable about community issues and concerns, are often early adopters of innovative behavior, and are apt to be active in persuading others to become involved in innovative behavior.
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15. Explain the difference between primary and secondary data, and give three sources for each.
answer
ANSWER:
Primary data are those data you collect yourself that answer unique questions related to your specific needs assessment. Examples include single-step or cross-sectional surveys, multistep surveys, community forums, focus groups, nominal group process, observation, self-assessments
Secondary data are those data already collected by somebody else and available for your immediate use. Examples include data collected by government agencies such as the US Department of Commerce, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or state and local agencies as well as data from existing records and from the literature.
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16. List, in order, the six steps to conduct a needs assessment.
answer
ANSWER:
Determining the purpose and scope
Gathering data
Analyzing data
Identifying the factors linked to health problem
Identifying the program focus
Validating the need
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17. Explain the difference between single step and multi step surveys and give an example of each.
answer
ANSWER:
Single step surveys are a means of collecting primary data from the target population where they are only contacted once. An example would be a written questionnaire.
Multi step surveys require contacting those in the target population several times to collect the necessary data. An example is the Delphi Technique.
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18. Define the term opinion leader and list three traits of an opinion leader.
answer
ANSWER:
Opinion leaders are individuals who are well respected in a community and who have an overall view of its needs. Three traits of opinion leaders are that they are active users of the media, they are knowledgeable about community issues, and they are early adopters of innovative behavior.
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