When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.
answer
amino acids
question
When digested, fats are broken down into _____.
answer
both glycerol and fatty acids
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Starch is a type of _____.
answer
polysaccharide
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Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.
answer
fructoses
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Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch?
answer
amylase
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Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.
answer
maltose
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Protein digestion begins in the _____.
answer
stomach
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What is the main component of gastric juice?
answer
water
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_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.
answer
Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine
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What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?
answer
hydrochloric acid
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Which structure is not part of the alimentary canal?
answer
Salivary glands.
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Which process is not required for an animal to obtain energy from food?
answer
Excretion
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True or false? One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestion of all compounds can take place simultaneously down the tract.
answer
False
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True or False? The liver is a component of the alimentary canal.
answer
False
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Choose the correct statement from the list below.
answer
Proteins that are consumed in the diet are absorbed as individual amino acids following digestion.
question
Choose the correct statement from the list below.
answer
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.
question
True statement
answer
Free fatty acid absorption occurs in the small intestine.
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A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules, including only one molecule of
answer
glycerol.
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A fat molecule also includes one, two, or three _________________ molecules.
answer
Fatty Acid
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A fat molecule with only one fatty acid is called a
answer
monoglyceride.
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A fat molecule with three fatty acids is called a triacylglycerol, or a
answer
triglyceride
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A fatty acid includes a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end as well as a long
answer
hydrocarbon chain.
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The hydrocarbon chains found in fats store a lot of energy. They also make fats ________________, or insoluble in water.
answer
hydrophobic
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Lumen of small intestine
answer
Lipase breaks triglcerides down into monoglycerides and fatty acid
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Epithelial cell
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Monoglycerides and fatty acids are reassembled to form triglycerides.Triglycerides are coated with phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins to form chylomicrons.Chylomicrons leave this structure by exocytosis.
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Lacteal
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Chylomicrons are transported in this structure to veins.This structure contains lymph.
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Fats are
answer
hydrophobic
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Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides are
answer
Hydrophobic
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Triglycerides are
answer
Hydrophobic
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Chylomicrons are
answer
Hydrophillic
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The lower esophageal sphincter surrounds the upper opening into the stomach. If this sphincter failed to properly constrict, there might be a problem with _____.
answer
regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, commonly called "heartburn"
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Different types of food are eaten by various groups of animals, but it is usually true that _____.
answer
cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine
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Secretin stimulates the _____ to secrete _____.
answer
pancreas ... bicarbonate
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Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the _____ to secrete _____.
answer
pancreas ... pancreatic enzymes
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The acidity of the stomach contents triggers the small intestine to secrete a hormone known as _____.
answer
secretin
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The presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the chyme from the stomach triggers the small intestine to secrete a hormone known as _____.
answer
cholecystokinin, or CCK
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Bile is produced by the _____ and stored by the _____ until it is secreted into the small intestine.
answer
liver ... gall bladder
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Among humans, increased interest in food intake normally occurs _____.
answer
via chemical signals released when the stomach is empty
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To survive, all animals must _____.
answer
balance consumption of food with use and storage of nutrients
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Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because _____.
answer
these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients
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The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food _____.
answer
have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food
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