CH. 3- QUIZ Questions

The primary structure of a protein is

Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in the East African herders spread so rapidly within the population? A) It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts and cold winters. B) Lactose was a better source of energy than glucose. C) Milk was a good source of protein during the summer harvests. D) Milk provided calcium for strong bones.

You identify a molecule in a pizza that is a polymer; has oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur atoms; and is hydrophilic. What kind of molecule is it? A) lipid B) carbohydrate C) protein D) nucleic acid

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

Which of the following foods would be least likely to contribute to the development of coronary heart disease? A) butter B) bacon C) fish oil D) margarine

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A) to induce chemical reactions B) to speed up chemical reactions C) to promote the synthesis of monomers D) to stop chemical reactions

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false? A) Many lipids function as enzymes. B) Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes. C) Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy. D) Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.

Cellulose differs from starch in that A) starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers. B) starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. C) cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. D) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by A) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. B) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. C) the chemical properties of their R groups. D) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.

You have a cup of vegetable oil and a vial full of normal phospholipids. What would you predict would happen if you dropped the phospholipids into the cup of vegetable oil? A) The phospholipids would form a sphere with the tails on the inside. B) The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the tails in the air. C) The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the heads in the air. D) The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside.

The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in

Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is composed of three pairs of subunits, two heavy chains, and two pairs of two different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin contains what level(s) of protein structure? (primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary)

A disaccharide forms when

Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) -NH2 B) -OH C) -COOH D) -C-O

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

Which type of fat was found to contribute the most relative risk of developing heart disease? A) saturated fat B) monounsaturated fat C) polyunsaturated fat D) trans fat

Which meal is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and high in unsaturated fats? A) a rib eye steak, mashed potatoes, and side salad with ranch dressing B) a black bean, cheese, lettuce, and sour cream burrito in a flour tortilla C) a plate of scrambled eggs with a side of cottage cheese D) a bowl of spaghetti tossed with olive oil, artichokes, and broccoli

Proteins differ from one another because

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. A) cellulose; glycogen B) glycogen; cellulose C) glycogen; starch D) starch; glycogen

Lactose intolerance A) is common in people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood. B) is most common in people of European descent. C) does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice. D) can currently be treated by gene therapy to treat the underlying cause.

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis? A) the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem B) the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem C) the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem D) the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A) cholesterol B) cellulose C) starch D) an enzyme

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? A) Triglycerides are a type of fat. B) Triglycerides play a role in energy storage. C) Triglycerides are hydrophilic. D) Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein. A) solubility; texture B) adaptability; development C) structure; function D) form; construction

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. B) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. D) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.

A phospholipid is composed of A) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. B) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. C) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. D) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds. B) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures. C) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds. D) Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Sucrose is formed A) when glucose and lactose are combined. B) from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis. C) from two glucose molecules. D) when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.

Organic compounds A) always contain carbon. B) always contain nitrogen. C) are synthesized only by animal cells. D) always contain oxygen.

Which of the following is an amino group? A) -CO B) -OH C) -COOH D) -NH2

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be A) completely hydrogenated. B) monoglycerides. C) saturated. D) unsaturated.

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called A) fructose. B) hydrocarbon. C) starch. D) cellulose.

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that A) has lard added to it. B) is modified to be solid at room temperature. C) is liquid at room temperature. D) is hydrogenated.

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins. A) monosaccharides B) fatty acids C) oils D) amino acids

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because A) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. C) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. D) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.

Lactose intolerance is the inability to A) produce lactose. B) digest lactose. C) produce milk proteins. D) digest cellulose.

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. B) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons." C) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. D) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose tolerance first appear? A) North America B) East Asia C) South America D) northern Europe

Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. How much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat? A) 25 pounds B) 50 pounds C) 100 pounds D) 75 pounds