Ch.1

Consists of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.

the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.

Population, Sample

collections of all out comes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.

a subset, or part, of a population

a numerical description of a population characteristic

a numerical description of a sample characteristic

The statement is false. A sample statistic can change from sample to sample. A parameter will not change*

the branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data.

the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population.

Nominal Ordinal

False. Data at the ordinal level can be qualitative or quantitative.

The statement is false. A true statement is​ "For data at the interval​ level, you can calculate meaningful differences between data​ entries."

False. More types of calculations can be performed with data at the interval level than with data at the nominal level.

The statement is false. A true statement is​ "Data at the ratio level can be placed in a meaningful​ order."

In an​ experiment, a treatment is applied to part of a population and responses are observed. In an observational​ study, a researcher measures characteristics of interest of a part of a population but does not change existing conditions.

A census includes the entire population. A sampling includes only part of the population.

With a random​ sample, each individual has the same chance of being selected. With a simple random​ sample, all samples of the same size have the same chance of being selected.

Replication is repetition of an experiment under the same or similar conditions. Replication is important because it enhances the validity of the results.

The statement is false. A placebo is a fake treatment.

The statement is false. Double blinding is used to decrease the placebo effect.

False. Using a stratified sample guarantees that members of each group within a population will be sampled.

False. The method for selecting a systematic sample is to order a population in some way and then select members of the population at regular intervals.

In an observational​ study, a researcher measures characteristics of interest of a part of a population but does not change existing conditions.

qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level.

Qualitative and quantitative. Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.

can be ordered, and meaning full differences between data entries can be calculated. No inherent zeros

can be ordered, and meaning full differences between data entries can be calculated. Has inherent zeros

a technique where the subjects do not know whether they are receiving a treatment or a placebo

neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are receiving a treatment or a placebo

one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

a sample in which every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being selected.

sample consisting of only members of the population that are easy to get to.