Biology Chapter 6 Questions

rough ER

Lipids and proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Transport vesicles fuse with one si may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the

rough ER

The production department of the endomembrane system, where lipids and proteins are made, is the endoplasmic reticulum

The golgi apparatus serves as the finishing and shipping area for products of the endomembrane system. This organelle adds molecular identification tags to products bound for other parts of the cell

A lysosome is a recycling center in the cell because it breaks down damaged organelles and returns organic monomers to the cytosol.

A vesicle transports matericals between various parts of the endomembrane system

lipid synthesis; calcium ion storage; poison detoxification

protein synthesis

protein modification and sorting; cisternal maturation

autophagy; macromolecule digestion

The protein is translated on free ribosomes and then passes through the pore complex to enter the nucleus.

ER protein; lysosomal enzyme; insulin

Cargo leaves the endoplasmic reticulum and is sent to the cis Golgi cisterna, which then matures through the redistribution of enzymes to become a medial Golgi cisterna and eventually the trans Golgi cisterna.

ER then cis golgi cisternae then medial golgi cisternae then trans goldgi cisternae then plasma membrane then extracellular space

The contents of phagosomes are digested with the help of hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes. Phagocytosis occurs when part of the cell's plasma membrane engulfs a particle, forming a phagosome. Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes formed during phagocytosis.

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

centrosomes

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from nearly any eukaryotic organism.

cytoskeletal structures

both flagella and motile cilia

chloroplast; cellulose cell wall; cental vacuole

centriole

nucleus; mitochondrion; ER; golgi apparatus; plasma membrane; cytoskeleton

is a strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy

produces chemical energy known as ATP that can power the cell

modifies and packages proteins

They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.

matrix; cristae

stroma; thylakoid

an inner and outer membrane

rough ER to golgi to plasma membrane

The genetic information housed within the nucleus is associated with protein and is called chromatin

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

The synthesis and assembly of ribosomal components occurs in the nucleolus

The shape of the nucleus is maintains by a network of protein filaments called the nuclear lamina

Before RNA can be translated into protein, it first must be exported from the nucleus though a nuclear pore

lysosome; mitochondrion;nucleus

microfilaments; microtubules

In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein are microtubules

Many cell organelles, most notable the nucleus, are anchored by intermediate filaments, which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins

Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers are assembled into microtubules

The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of microfilaments

The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the intermediate filaments

During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of microfilaments

gap junctions

an endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

ribosome

mRNA

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to synthesize large quantities of lipids

golgi apparatus

The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration with mitochondrion, producing ATP.

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes.

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus.

The chromatin is composed of DNA and protein

nucleus

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

rough ER

The plasma membrane is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

smooth ER

microtubules

Basal bodies are identical in structure to centrioles.

peroxisome

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cellthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.