Biology - Chapter 47

In animal development, which of the following best describes the process of cleavage? -Mitosis -Differentiation -Fertilization -Meiosis

What are the cells created by cleavage called?

What are the three germ layers contained in the gastrula?

Which of the following stages of development is defined by the three embryonic tissue layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)? -Blastula -Zygote -Gastrula -Yolk

What happens to a cell during the process of differentiation?

A child is born without a fully developed pancreas. He is normal in all other respects, and thus doctors believe that the problem most likely began early in development. During which of the following processes did the original error most likely occur? -Mesoderm formation -Endoderm formation -Ectoderm formation -Cleavage

True or false? Early animal development progresses through distinct stages: first the production of the zygote through fertilization, then cleavage, then the formation of the gastrula, and then the formation of the blastula.

In sea urchins, the process of fertilization produces a(n) _____.

What is the formation of a fertilization envelope that bars additional sperm from entry into the egg?

As cleavage continues, a zygote forms into a solid multicellular ball called a(n) _____.

Several hours after fertilization, cleavage results in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a _____.

The three-layered embryo is the _____.

The _____ eventually develops into the sea urchin's digestive tract.

During gastrulation, invagination occurs at the _____.

In vertebrates, the ectoderm gives rise to the ______ layer of the skin.

During gastrulation in frogs, a rod of mesoderm under the dorsal surface forms the _____.

During gastrulation in frogs, cells from the animal pole spread over the embryo and form the _____.

The notochord functions as a core around which mesodermal cells form the frog's _____.

An ectodermal thickening above the frog's notochord forms a _____ _____.

The _____ _____ is(are) formed when the neural folds join and a portion of the neural plate sinks beneath the embryo's surface.

The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____.

The posterior portion of the neural tube will develop into the frog's _____ _____.