An organism that has two different alleles of a gene for a given character (for example, Yy) is said to be _____________ for that character.
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heterozygous
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is a form of inheritance in which the interaction of multiple genes contributes to a single phenotype, such as skin color.
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Polygenic inheritance
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When three or more alleles of the same gene exist in a population (as with human blood types), they are known as
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multiple alleles
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An organism's traits--including its outward appearance, behavior, and other observable or measurable features--is known as its
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phenotype
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An organism that has two identical alleles of a gene for a given character (for example, YY or yy) is said to be ___________ for that character.
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homozygous
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is a pattern of inheritance in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between either of the homozygous phenotypes.
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Incomplete dominance
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is a pattern of inheritance in which heterozygotes express phenotypes of both of the homozygotes.
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Codominance
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An organism's genetic makeup--its actual combination of alleles--is known as its
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genotype
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Which of the following statements accurately describes melanin's function?
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Lighter skin has less of the dark-brown eumelanin that protects cells from UV damage.
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Which of the following statements apply to the variation in human skin color?
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Human skin color variation is primarily determined by the type and amount of melanin pigment in the skin.
Human skin color variation evolved recently in hominid evolution, once some populations of our human ancestors migrated out of Africa.
Human skin color variation likely evolved in response to differences in the intensity of sunlight around the world
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Darker skin is more prevalent in high-UV areas. Dr. Nina Jablonski proposed a hypothesis to explain the selective pressure for darker skin in these environments. On what evidence did she base this hypothesis?
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the melanin in darkly pigmented skin protects circulating folate from being destroyed by UV radiation, and folate is important in human reproduction
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What evidence supports the vitamin D hypothesis for the evolution of lighter skin tones?
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indigenous peoples living at high latitudes have darker skin, but they eat foods rich in vitamin D
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Based on the risk factors discussed in the video, which of the following groups would be most likely to develop the bone disease rickets?
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children born to parents with dark skin living far from the equator
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In what way does natural selection depend on the specific environment in which an organism lives?
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when the environment changes, traits that were beneficial to an organism may become harmful and vice versa.
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