A&P Lecture Ch3 Cells

Proteins called ubiquitins are responsible for __?__.

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation? A. The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. B. The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine. C. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. D. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

In skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in __?__

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in __?__.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential? A. The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes. B. In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential. C. The resting membrane potential is due to active transport of ions across the membrane by the sodium-potassium pump. D. The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ ions.

Tissue Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha is a cytokine that activates cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases, which are also known as "executioner" proteins for their role in apoptosis. This family of enzymes is known by the acronym __?__.

Some hormones enter cells via __?__.

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells, including macrophages?

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

Which of these is an inclusion and NOT an organelle? A. Lysosome B. Microtubule C. Cilia D. Melanin

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? The cells will __?__.

Which of the following is NOT a role of cell adhesion molecules? A. Mechanical sensors. B. Transmitters of intracellular signals that direct cell migration, proliferation, and specialization. C. Anchors to hold cells to each other and to molecules in the extracellular space. D. Initiators of cell-to-cell signaling for muscle contraction.

Are Brownian motion, diffusion and osmosis only seen in living cells?

Which of the following helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells?

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis is called the __?__.

Proteins called __?__ act as spools around which DNA is wrapped to protect it.

Which structures are finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of the cell for absorption?

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"? A. Second messengers act through receptors called K-proteins. B. Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell. C. Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers. D. Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes.

End cap regions of the chromosomes contain nonsense code called __?__ thought to be important to protect the ends of the chromosomes from damage. Since they decrease in length with each cell division, they are thought be a critical "timer" for aging.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that binds cells together?

A gene can best be defined as __?__.

What moves cell organelles from one location to another inside a cell?

The electron microscope has revealed a pinwheel array of nine (9) triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube within cells. This structure is called a __?__.

__?__ are amino acid-coding sequences of DNA, while __?__ are noncoding segments that provide a reservoir of ready-to-use DNA segments for evolutionary changes.

Passive membrane transport processes include __?__.

Which of these is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? A. Provide receptors and connections for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. B. To separate the internal cell environment from the extracellular environment. C. To be selectively permeable while allowing water and gases to freely cross. D. To prevent potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from entering the cell.

If mitosis is the division of the nucleus, then __?__ is the division of the remaining cytoplasmic mass into two cells.

Which of the following organelles plays a role in steroid-based hormone AND protein synthesis? A. Microtubules B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Lysosomes D. Ribosomes

Because the lipid bilayer is very impermeable to water, the membrane has transmembrane proteins called __?__ to allow water to enter or exit the cell

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is an elaborate and specialized __?__ found in muscle cells.

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is ________. A. false; proteins thus manufactured are for use inside the cell only. B. false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way. C. false; lipids, not proteins, are synthesized this way. D. true.

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

Mitochondria __?__.

Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

Identify important functions of the Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes? A. Digesting particles taken in by endocytosis. B. Degrading worn-out or nonfunctional organelles. C. Breaking down bone to release calcium ions into the blood. D. Forming acid hydrolases that are necessary to help form cell membranes.

A patient has a respiratory disease that has literally paralyzed cilia. Which of the following diseases or disorders would be the most likely risk factor for this patient?

Where in the cell may you find DNA that is NOT in the nucleus?

The functions of centrioles include __?__.

__?__ are assemblies of saturated phospholipids and contain a higher amount of sphingolipids and cholesterol than other regions of the plasma membrane. This is important for their role in cell signaling.

Peroxisomes __?__.

Which of these organelles is composed of hollow cytoskeletal elements? A. Microtubules B. Nucleolus C. Nucleus D. Endoplasmic reticulum

If the nucleotide, or base, sequence of a DNA strand used as a template for messenger-RNA transcription is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion? A. Molecular weight does not have any effect on diffusion rates. B. The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate. C. The lower the temperature, the faster the rate. D. Temperature does not have any effect on diffusion rates.

Caveolae are closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT __?__. A. Receptors for hormones. B. Enzymes involved in cell regulation. C. Lipid rafts. D. Enzymes involved in cell metabolism.

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

The __?__ is the sticky, carbohydrate-rich area on the cell surface. It helps bind cells together and provides a highly specific biological marker by which cells can recognize each other.

Riboswitches are folded RNA's that act as switches to turn proteins on or off in response to __?__.

Which type of cell junction acts to anchor cells and distribute tension to reduce the chance of tearing when a group of cells are subjected to shear forces (mechanical stress)? A. Tight junctions B. Gap Junctions C. Connexons D. Desmosomes

Mitosis __?__.

Which of these describes the plasma membrane?

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) __?__ mRNA codon.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A red blood cell placed in distilled water would __?__.

Which of the following does NOT serve as a signal for cell division? A. Shrinkage in the surface-to-volume ratio. B. Repressor genes. C. Joining of cyclins and Cdks. D. Loss of contact inhibition.

The main component of the cytosol is __?__.

__?__ is the pressure of water exerted on a cell membrane.