AP Bio Ch 9

Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is..?

Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount of ATP in a cell would be expected to

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

When an individual is exercising heavily and when the muscle becomes oxygen-deprived, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. What happens to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells?

During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid in the citric acid cycle shown in Figure 9.2?

During aerobic respiration, H₂O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity?

A molecule that is phosphorylated

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

What is proton-motive force?

Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO₂) from one molecule of pyruvate?

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water?

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin?

Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.2)?

In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO₂ and water release free energy?

When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

The transport of pyruvate into mitochondria depends on the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave her body?

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

An electron loses potential energy when it

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?