grandparents, tall people, and undergraduates are all examples of _____?
answer
potential interest groups
question
the best description of the idea of pluralism is that _____.
answer
it's the theory that government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies bargaining compromise - best policy emerges, both sides win.
question
James Madison called an interest group a _____.
answer
"faction"
question
_______ once wrote that "America was a nation of joiners."
answer
Alexis de Tocqueville
question
Which of the following is NOT an economic group?
answer
National Rifle Association (NRA)
question
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people with _______.
answer
higher levels of income and education
question
Interest groups most effectively serve the ____.
answer
upper classes
question
Which group is best adapted to organizing the lower classes?
answer
A public interest group.
question
What are political parties more capable of doing rather than interest groups?
answer
Organizing people on a mass scale.
question
Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that...
answer
Public interest groups focus on the roles that all Americans share; they represent the people as citizens -- actual people. Other interest groups are created to gain federal funding for specific groups of people that share similarities.
question
When a coalition of credit card companies form an interest group called the Partnership to Protect Consumer Credit, this indicates that...
answer
private interests are hiding behind the ideas of public interests
question
It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because...
answer
there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands.
question
What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group?
answer
having a higher income and education
question
The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations are examples of _____.
answer
a labor group
question
Organizes interest groups enhance American democracy by...
answer
representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation.
question
Interest groups are concerned with the ______ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ______ of the government.
answer
policies; personnel
question
The Christian Coalition is a(n) _______ group.
answer
ideological
question
The National Governor's Association is a good example of _____.
answer
state and local governments acting as organized interests to lobby for government benefits.
question
Which of the following statements about political parties and interest groups is most accurate?
answer
The percentage of voters identifying themselves as either Democrats and Republicans has been declining since the 1970's.
question
Which of the following is a main theoretical assumption of pluralism?
answer
Competition among interests will produce balance, with all interests regulating each other.
question
A criticism of interest group pluralism is _______.
answer
class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.
question
If one enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but did NOT contribute to those efforts, one is called a ________.
answer
free-rider
question
One way that AARP has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing _______ benefits to its members.
answer
selective
question
Why is it important for interest groups to offer selective benefits?
answer
It is necessary to limit the extent of the free-rider problem.
question
Which of the following is NOT a key organizational component of interest groups?
answer
newsletter and websites
question
Successful interests groups quickly become _____.
answer
bureaucratized
question
When a group is called a membership of association, it means that...
answer
members play an important role in the daily activities of the group.
question
A _________________ exists when paid off staff conduct most of the daily business of a group.
answer
staff organization
question
A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a _______.
answer
free-rider
question
The solitary benefits of interests groups include ___________.
answer
friendship, networking, and consciousness raising.
question
AARP has approximately ______ members today.
answer
39 million (39,000,000)
question
Many interests groups are initially organized because...
answer
a political entrepreneur with a strong commitment to a particular set of goals believes a group will promote his or her goals and enhance his or her political influence.
question
The free-rider problem occurs because...
answer
people benefit from an interest group's efforts without making any contribution.
question
The free-rider phenomenon refers to...
answer
potential members of a group failing to join the actual group, as they know they will receive the same benefits whether they are active members or not.
question
When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a ________.
answer
material benefit
question
A _______ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups.
answer
newsletter
question
If citizens were motivated to join an environmental organization because they strongly believed in protecting the environment and supported the goals of the group, we can conclude that they were motivated by _________.
answer
purposive benefits
question
The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are...
answer
leadership, money, an agency or office, and members.
question
Since the 1930's, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has...
answer
dramatically increased.
question
What happened in the late nineteenth century?
answer
the abolition of slavery.
question
Which of the following issues is NOT part of the agenda of the New Politics movement?
answer
The movement is made up of upper-middle-class professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences.
question
The New Politics movement gave rise to __________ groups.
answer
public interest
question
Which of the following groups was NOT established through the New Politics movement?
answer
National Association of Manufacturers.
question
The increased number and importance of interest groups...
answer
is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government.
question
Which of the following groups is most likely to belong to the New Politics movement?
answer
The Sierra Club.
question
Members of the New Politics movement...
answer
strengthened public interest groups.
question
A full-page, fully paid spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as __________.
answer
institutional advertising
question
Lobbying is...
answer
attempting to influence decisions made by elected officials.
question
What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?
answer
Information.
question
Which of the following is NOT a job regularly performed by lobbyists?
answer
Nominating a candidate to run for a political office.
question
The _______ protects the practice of lobbying.
answer
first amendment
question
Another name for lobbying is ________.
answer
petitioning
question
In the lobbying world, to be "Microsofted" means that a company has...
answer
become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government.
question
The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to...
answer
"to encourage agencies to use negotiated rule making when it enhances the informal rule making process."
question
Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often called ______.
answer
stakeholders
question
___________ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicted in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws.
answer
Jack Abramoff
question
An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between ____________.
answer
a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.
question
A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interests groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called _________.
answer
issue network
question
What is the most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years?
answer
The 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act.
question
Which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation?
answer
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
question
How can interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence?
answer
filing amici curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.
question
Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group?
answer
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
question
_________ is a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of opinion.
answer
Lobbying
question
A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when...
answer
an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of group's position.
question
In recent years, the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through ____________.
answer
grassroots mobilizations
question
______________ occurs when interest groups generate phony letters and phone calls in order to resemble a grassroots movement.
answer
Astroturf lobbying
question
A PAC can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different candidates each year.
answer
$5,000
question
By 2012, there were approximately _____ PACs in the United States.
answer
5500
question
Which of the following has been eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign finance reforms?
answer
soft money.
question
Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season, as long as they...
answer
do not coordinate their efforts with a candidate's own campaign organization.
question
Most initiative campaigns today are sponsored by...
answer
interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals.
question
Alexis de Tocqueville argues that the proliferation of groups promoted...
answer
governmental responsiveness.
question
Why is the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 important to lobbyists?
answer
It requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.
question
What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence?
answer
Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on governmental officials themselves.
question
Lobbyists are...
answer
employees of the interests groups established to influence the outcome of elections and legislation.
question
____________ occurs when interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches.
answer
mobilizing public opinion
question
What is the primary function of a political action committee (PAC)?
answer
raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates.
question
Individuals and organizations can give an unlimited amount to ______.
answer
broadcasts and telecommunication ads related to an election.
question
The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what eternal dilemma in American politics?
answer
Liberty is often inconsistent with equality.
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy
