Personal & Community Health Chapter 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Psychological health is independent of physical health. B. Psychological health is a myth. C. Psychological health is freedom from disorders. D. Psychological health and physical health are intertwined.

Which of the following statements is most TRUE regarding psychological health? A. Being normal is the same as being psychologically healthy. B. It is as difficult to define as it is important to understand. C. Freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health. D. Psychological health is the absence of anxiety.

Psychological health is another term for A. authenticity. B. positive psychology. C. psychological normality. D. mental health.

According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency: A. physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization B. safety, physiological needs, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization C. safety, physiological needs, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization D. self-actualization, physiological needs, safety, maintaining self-esteem, being loved

Being self-actualized is characterized by A. passivity. B. good work habits. C. good physical health. D. realism.

Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as someone who A. knows the difference between what is and what one wants. B. is willing to accept evidence that contradicts what one wants to believe. C. remains focused on the idea of the way things should be. D. does not waste energy trying to force people into an ideal picture of what they "should" be.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of self-actualized people? A. They are largely able to accept themselves and others. B. They are outer-directed. C. They do not trust their own senses and feelings. D. They are autocratic.

People who are self-accepting usually A. have a positive but realistic perception of themselves. B. have a higher opinion of themselves than is healthy. C. feel good about themselves but are not likely to live up to their positive self-image. D. have big egos.

Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous? A. They don't express their feelings because of fear of disapproval. B. They respond only to what they feel as outside pressure. C. They act because they feel driven. D. They are inner-directed

Being inner-directed is most closely associated with A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

Making decisions based on your own values as opposed to a larger group's is a sign of A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

People not afraid to be themselves and be "real" can be described as A. authentic. B. creative. C. intimate. D. distressed.

The ability to share feelings without fear of rejection from another is most closely associated with A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

A continuing appreciation of the world is most closely associated with A. self-esteem. B. autonomy. C. capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

Alex, age 28, lives in a safe and friendly community, has a stable job, and is involved in a relationship with a loving and supportive person. According to Maslow, Alex has a chance of attaining A. mastery in life accomplishments. B. self-actualization. C. psychological freedom. D. autonomy.

Which of the following phrases is the best description of psychological normality? A. what most people do B. the right thing to do C. what most people should do D. what people think they should do

Being psychologically normal is the same as A. being mentally normal. B. being close to average. C. being psychologically healthy. D. A and B.

Our early identity models are most likely to be A. our parents. B. celebrities. C. peers. D. political leaders

One's identity A. is established early in life. B. is a lifelong process. C. rarely changes from year to year. D. A and C

Maggie, a junior in college, is changing her major for the fourth time. She expresses frustration about her attempt to choose a course of study that best reflects her and her interests rather than the career path her family expects of her. Maggie is A. experiencing an identity crisis. B. subconsciously rebelling against her parents. C. afraid of making a commitment. D. feeling overwhelmed by too many career options.

People with established identities tend to do all the following EXCEPT A. form intimate, lasting relationships. B. remain isolated. C. share open communication. D. love and be loved.

Which statement regarding the development of self-esteem is FALSE? A. It is based on experiences that occur within the family. B. It is influenced by personality. C. Rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth. D. Children knowingly build images of themselves based on the models of their parents

Stability, as it relates to self-esteem, is best described as A. a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others. B. an integration of the self. C. an unwavering positive self-image. D. a necessary component for the establishment of a sense of love and belonging.

A demoralized person would do all of the following EXCEPT A. use all-or-nothing thinking. B. minimize the success of others. C. take responsibility for unfortunate situations. D. engage in cognitive distortions.

A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is A. giving up. B. keeping a journal of self-talk. C. recognizing failure. D. the use of defense mechanisms.

Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk? A. "I wonder why my boss wants to see me? I guess I'll just have to wait and see". B. "I'll have to start working on that next paper earlier". C. "I won the talent contest, but only because none of the other contestants was very good". D. "Too bad I missed one problem on the test through carelessness, but overall I did pretty well".

Defense mechanisms like humor and substitution might best be described as A. temporary means of coping. B. effective solutions to minor problems. C. personality characteristics. D. age-specific responses to stress

A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n) A. optimist. B. realist. C. masochist. D. pessimist.

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable inner impulses are attributed to others is A. displacement. B. rationalization. C. projection. D. repression.

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts or wishes are excluded from consciousness is A. repression. B. projection. C. rationalization. D. displacement.

A psychological defense by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from one event or person to a less threatening one is A. repression. B. projection. C. rationalization D. displacement.

What is the defense mechanism that allows a false, acceptable reason to be given when the real reason is unacceptable? A. repression B. projection C. rationalization D. displacement

Expressing wishes forcefully, but not necessarily hostilely, describes being A. aggressive. B. assertive. C. passive. D. overbearing.

A part of assertiveness is characterized most by A. aggressiveness. B. honest communication. C. dominating others. D. getting what you want.

All of the following are positive reasons to socialize EXCEPT A. fear of being alone. B. enjoying the company of others. C. meeting new people. D. improving your personal knowledge base.

If you feel explosive anger coming on, one strategy for managing it is to A. try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment. B. replay scenes from the past to help act in the present. C. permanently avoid the issue or person that is upsetting you. D. do nothing.

If you are dealing with anger in another person, you should NOT A. react in a calm manner. B. attempt to validate the other person. C. accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display. D. disengage for the time being.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger? A. having an alcoholic drink B. reframing your thoughts C. distracting yourself D. having a cooling-off period

According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2009, approximately what percent of adult Americans who suffered from a diagnosable psychological disorder? A. 6 percent B. 26 percent C. 56 percent D. 76 percent

Psychological disorders may be a result of all of the following EXCEPT A. genetic differences. B. exposure to traumatic events. C. good coping skills. D. life events.

People exposed to a higher number of traumatic life events than others typically A. have greater vulnerabilities to future traumas. B. develop better coping skills. C. have a genetic predisposition to these events. D. A and B

Which of the following statements about fear is false? A. It is a basic and useful emotion. B. It is considered to be a problem if it is out of proportion to real danger. C. It is another word for anxiety. D. It is a useful daily tool to cope with life.

Which of the following does NOT play a major part in psychological disorders? A. genetics B. culture C. biology D. They all play a major part.

An example of a specific phobia is fear of A. dogs. B. public speaking. C. interaction. D. embarrassment.

Which of the following is a social phobia? A. fear of animals B. fear of high places C. fear of seeing blood D. fear of embarrassment

Fear of public speaking is actually a A. fear of speaking. B. fear of being observed by others. C. simple phobia. D. type of panic disorder

People usually develop panic disorder in their A. early twenties. B. teenage years. C. late adulthood. D. early childhood.

Panic disorder is A. a form of depression. B. a mood disorder. C. a characteristic of bipolar disorder. D. a type of anxiety disorder.

Symptoms of panic disorder typically include A. a sudden drop in blood pressure. B. a loss of physical equilibrium. C. lethargy. D. a depressed heart rate

Fear of flying is an example of A. a social phobia. B. panic disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. post-traumatic stress disorder.

Shyness is often the result of high levels of anxiety and A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. lack of social skills. C. hostility. D. schizophrenia

A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. simple phobia.

An obsession is a ______ thought. A. rational, unwanted B. cultivated, irrational C. cultivated, rational D. recurrent, unwanted

Repetitive, hard-to-resist actions associated with obsessions are A. delusions. B. phobias. C. hallucinations. D. compulsions.

An example of an obsession is A. constant hand washing. B. repeating someone's name five times every time you see her. C. concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake. D. repeatedly checking to see if the stove is turned off.

An example of a compulsion is A. the impulse to hurt a family member. B. anxiety about contracting HIV from a sneeze. C. uncontrollable worry about an accident. D. constant and repetitive hand washing.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is most likely to occur after which of the following? A. rape B. nightmares C. failure in school D. prolonged compulsive behavior

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder A. include re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and intrusive memories. B. include seeking out anything associated with the trauma. C. will often decrease in intensity, but will never go away. D. usually do not include symptoms of depression.

A person who is housebound because of severe anxiety has A. social phobia. B. agoraphobia. C. GAD. D. OCD.

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, PTSD was shown to have affected A. survivors. B. rescue workers. C. television viewers who repeatedly watched the images. D. all of the above.

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression? A. loss of pleasure in doing usual activities B. autonomy C. obsession with exercise D. increased social interaction

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression? A. too much sleep B. disturbed sleep C. poor appetite and weight loss D. all of the above

Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide? A. multiple minor health problems B. suicide of a family member or friend C. increased social interactions D. obsession with social causes

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide? A. a history of previous attempts B. readily available means C. addiction to alcohol or drugs D. a high anxiety level

Biological researchers have found genetic influences on A. seasonal affective disorder. B. simple phobia. C. depression. D. post-traumatic stress syndrome.

Though ______ attempt suicide more often, ______ succeed more often. A. blacks; whites B. adults; teenagers C. women; men D. Latinos; Asians

Of the millions of people suffering from clinical depression, ______ seek treatment. A. less than 5 percent B. 15 percent C. 35 percent D. more than 50 percent

Which of the following is the best initial treatment for a person with moderate to severe depression? A. drug therapy exclusively B. electroconvulsive therapy C. psychoanalysis and amphetamines D. drug therapy combined with psychotherapy

A key neurotransmitter that is important in the treatment of depression is called A. serotonin. B. acetylcholine. C. dopamine. D. leutine.

A treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is A. psychoanalysis. B. drug therapy. C. electroconvulsive therapy. D. herbal therapy.

The preferred method of treatment for seasonal affective disorder is A. psychotherapy. B. light therapy. C. hypnosis. D. electroconvulsive therapy.

Seasonal affective disorder A. is more prevalent during the summer months. B. is more prevalent among people living at higher latitudes. C. has no effective treatment. D. is more prevalent during seasons with more sunlight.

Which of the following attributes best characterizes manic behavior? A. classical depression B. decreased sexual activity C. extraordinary appetite D. perpetual energy

Manic disorders are characterized by A. high energy levels. B. the individual's limited vision of his or her potential. C. slow, slurred speech. D. very focused thinking.

A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is A. thorazine. B. Haldol. C. amphetamines. D. lithium carbonate

A delusion is A. similar to an auditory hallucination. B. a form of disorganized thought. C. a firmly held false belief. D. an obsession with a fantasy.

Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a schizophrenic disorder? A. auditory hallucinations B. compulsive organization C. delusions D. deteriorating social functioning

Schizophrenic disorders are characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT A. disorganized thoughts. B. inappropriate emotions. C. extremely high energy levels. D. auditory hallucinations.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia? A. Medication is not effective in treating it. B. Schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking. C. Schizophrenia is another name for "split personality". D. An individual can manage schizophrenia without professional help.

Which statement regarding schizophrenics is false? A. They may act to obey inner voices. B. They are not at risk for suicide. C. They may be largely logical and lucid. D. They require the help of a mental health professional.

Treatment for which of the following disorders MUST include drug therapy? A. depression B. social phobia C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. schizophrenia

For some, self-help can be very useful. This includes A. ignoring self-defeating actions and ideas. B. becoming more passive. C. raising self-esteem by counteracting negative thoughts and people. D. avoiding objects and people that are feared.

Religious belief A. undermines problem solving. B. is a substitute for a positive self-concept. C. promotes psychological health for some individuals. D. has little bearing on mental health.

College students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through A. on-campus counseling centers. B. campus health services. C. support groups. D. all of the above.

Which of the following statements regarding professional help for psychological health is TRUE? A. Never seeking professional health for personal problems means you are psychologically healthy. B. Seeking professional help for personal problems proves that you have a psychological illness. C. For some, professional help is a choice; for others, it is a necessity. D. Everyone will need professional help at some point in his or her life.

The type of therapy based on the premise that the mind's activity depends on the brain and is genetically determined is ______ therapy. A. pharmacological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

The type of therapy that focuses on what people do is ______ therapy. A. biological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

The technique of exposure is used to A. encourage people to face their fears. B. discourage people from encountering their fears. C. promote avoidance of a feared situation. D. introduce the patient to other frightening situations

The type of therapy that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is ______ therapy. A. pharmacological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

In the cognitive therapeutic approach, patients are taught to A. confront negative feelings and emotions. B. change behavior patterns. C. focus on uncovering past events and feelings. D. notice unrealistic thoughts and replace them with more realistic ones

Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been developed for all of the following, EXCEPT A. anxiety disorders. B. seasonal affective disorder. C. depression. D. OCD.

Which of the following statements about peer counselors is FALSE? A. They work as volunteers. B. They can provide appropriate campus/community resources. C. They can offer a sympathetic ear. D. They can recommend specific treatment options.

Which mental health professional is involved when a person requires medication? A. phychiatrist B. clinical psycologist C. licensed counselor D. Social worker

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. drowsiness B. aggression C. academic problems D. inability to focus

Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician? A. clinical psychologist B. psychiatrist C. social worker D. counselor

Which of the following professionals requires the most formal education? A. nurse practitioner B. psychiatrist C. social worker D. counselor

To help reduce social anxiety, A. realize your nervousness is not as visible as you think. B. take breaks during anxious situations whenever possible. C. practice realistic self-talk. D. A and B