Chapter 2

According to James Moor, taking "the ethical point of view" means

An association of people organizaed under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time is called a

Rules of conduct describing what people ought and ought not to do in various situations are called

Ethics is

A relativist claims that

Objectivism is based on the idea that

The divine command theory is an example of

Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?

Ethical egoism is

What is an argument in favour of ethical egoism?

Accord9ing to Kant, our sense of "ought to" is called

According to Kant, the moral value of an action depends on

According to the second formulation of the categorical imperative,

The Principle of Utility is also called

Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are

Utilitarianism is an example of

The problem of moral luck is raised as a criticism of

Utilitarianism does not mean "the greatest good of the greatest number" because

Thomas Hobbes called life without rules and a means of enforcing them

An early proponent of the social contract was

A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called a

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called a

The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called

Modern writers often refer to moral virtues as

A character trait that prevents a human being from flourishing or become truly happy is called a

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you

Ethics is the ____________ of morality.

Ethics is focused on the ______________, moral choices people make.

The study of ethics dates back to the time of_____________, who faced an unjust death penalty rather than take advantage of an opportunity to flee into exile with his family.

______________ is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong.

The theory that people decide for themselves what is right and wrong is called

The theory that the meaning of "right" and "wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines is called ____________

The theory that good actions are those aligned with the will of God is called ___________

The logical error of trying to equate two things that are similar is called _________________

The theory that each person should focus exclusively on his or her own self-interest is called ______________

Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing in the world that can be called good without qualification is ___________

Kant said we should act only from moral rules that we can at the same time will to be universal moral laws. He also said we should act so that we always treat ourselves and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end. Kant called these duties _______________________

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, an action is right (or wrong) to the extent that it increases (or decreases) ____________________________

We call utilitarianism a ______________ theory, because it focuses on the consequences of an action.

Thomas Hobbes argued that everyone living in a civilized society has implicitly agreed to two things: (1) establishment of moral rules to govern relations among citizens, and (2) a government capable of enforcing these rules. Hobbes calls this arrangement _________________

A negative right is a right that another person can guarantee by ___________________

A positive right is a right that obligates others to ________________

An absolute right is a right that _____________

A limited right is a right that __________________

John Rawls proposed the difference principle, that says any social and economic equalities must be "to the greatest benefit of _________"

In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle writes that happiness results from _______________

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that _____________________.

The theory that morality exists outside the human mind is called ________________.

According to social contract theory, we have a obligation to obey the law.