You Got This

the study of inherited genes and their variation; how a genotype affects the phenotype

the code in the DNA that determines the trait; refers to the combination of alleles (nucleotide sequence information)

the observable, expressed trait; what is observed when the allele (instructions) are expressed

copies (replicates) itself, holds information for the production of a functional organism (expression), and changes (mutation and variation)

tightly packaged DNA, we have 23 pairs

variants in the DNA sequence of genes

a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

top end of the DNA strand

bottom end of the DNA strand

hydrogen bonds

proteins that help to condense and package up DNA

unwinds the DNA

stretch of RNA that provides an open 3 end for extension

seals up the gaps in the sugar phosphate backbone

short stretches of newly synthesized DNA

proof reads and incorporates new nucleotides into the strand (RNA primer)

RNA

a protein

in the cytoplasm of the cell

in the nucleus

process that makes RNA copy of DNA gene that is complimentary to one strand of the DNA helix

making a protein from a gene (genotype to phenotype)

genome, transcription, translation

the study of heritable changes in gene function/expression that are not due to a change in DNA sequence (different phenotypes, same genotypes)