Study Ch1 Chem

members of group 1A in the periodic table(section 7.7)

members of group 2A in the periodic table(section 7.7)

compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only carbon-carbon single bounds (section 2.9 and 24.2)

the smallest representatives particle of an element

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

an estimate of the size of an atom

the average mass of the atoms

force binding atoms into molecules: a force resulting from the redistribution of energy contained by orbiting electrons which tends to bind atoms together to from molecules

a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one more electrons especially Paris of electrons between atoms

is one of the weakest

a chemical bond between two icons with opposite charges characteristic of salts.

as the atoms get larger to have more electrons in the other scale and move them around it takes more energy. forbital-wont matter s orbital- in a cloud the electron is anywhere in the electrical cloud P orbital- plat plane in a figure eight the electron are trapped on one side of the other. D orbital- the electrons like to pull away from each other .

electrically charged atom or group of atoms(polatanic ion) can be positively or negatively charged depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) or gained (negative) by the atoms

atoms of the same element containing different numbers of protons and therefore having different masses.

the absolute temperature scale, the SI unit for temperature is the Kevin . zero on the kelvin scale corresponds to .

anything that occupies space and has mass, the physical material of the universe

1s,2s,2p,3s,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p

11

0.5600% of X has a mass of 83.91343 amu 9.860% of X has a mass of 85.90927 amu 7.000% of X has a mass of 86.90890 amu

87.62

Sr the atomic mass of strontium ,87.62 amu , is very cose to 87.90562 amu because that is the isotope with the greatest percent abundance.

35-17 CL

35 C1 does in fact account for 75.53% of earths chorine the full calculation is (0.7553)(34.96885)+(0.2447)(36.96590)=35.45 amu

8 ( the atomic number of proton in one atom of an element. one oxygen atom contains 8 protons A neutral oxygen atom contains 8 elements

17 (elements in group 17 must gain an electron to have the same number of electron as the adjacent noble gas. for example F has 9 electrons but it would be more stable if it gad 10 electrons like Ne. therefore, F will react to form a 1-ion 9 WITH 9 protons And 10 Electrons)

iron aluminum sodium phosphours~

water~ lithium sulfu lead

O Sn Ca

Ag Fe

U

Cl=chrorine(35.45) I-iodine (126.70) f(fluorine(18.99) atomic weight

Li K

Sr

Xe

H

Be

Al

Ni

In

Au

Fr

Hg K

N Xe

As Ge

nucleus:proton and neutrons outside the nucleus,electrons

Have a positive charge

Have on charge

Have a negative charge

the central area of something

the center of an atom (chemistry(atom) and biology (cell)

Has mass and takes up space

Simplest form of matter with unique properties

• Physical properties • Chemical properties

Dmitri Mendeleev was the guy who made the periodic table (Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements into 7 groups with similar properties he discovered that the properties of elements were periodic functions of the their atomic weights. This became known as the periodic law.)

(1886) he gave us protons (evidence of protons when rays traveled opposite of cathode rays

discovered electrons using a cathode ray. This contradicted Dalton's idea that atoms were invisible .w

Democritus believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible (he was the first person to use the word atoms )- the beginning of chemistry

proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion

English chemist had a Quaker religion ,today Dalton is known primarily for his atomic theory

devised the first atomic symbols but they looked a little different from the ones we use today basically transformed Democritus ideas into scientific theory.

studied uranium and thorium and called their spontaneous decay process radioactivity. Her and her husband discovered the radioactive element polonium and radium

published the famous equation E=mc2

discovered electrons have mass-oil drop experiment helped determine electrons have mess

gold foil experiment

had a better idea of what an atomic structure looks like

proposed principle of indeterminacy - you cannot know both the position and the velocity of a particle

viewed electrons as continuous clouds and introduced wave mechanics as a mathematical model of the atom

neutron