Sociology final chapter 15

What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

Besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve three other major purposes. What are they?

Among the following, which plays a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

Knowing how to dress, act, and present oneself at work, and being able to work well with other people are examples of __________ skills.

Among the following, who is exhibiting a soft skill?

Research on contemporary college and university students in the United States shows they study __________students in the past.

The United States __________ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive.

After the end of World War II, how did the government choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labor market and avoid high unemployment among former soldiers?

Which of the following life outcomes for Sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school?

Sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards. What are they?

What does human capital theory suggest about education?

According to human capital theory, __________.

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

What do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function?

Social closure practices, which __________, include licensing.

Which of the following statements about less educated workers is true?

For lower-class white males, educational attainment is __________ related to occupation and income.

For upper-class white males, social origin is __________ to occupation and income.

The fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in the civic and political life of their communities when they have more education is consistent with the __________ view of education.

People with more education tend to live longer. This is true of __________.

__________ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

How has marriage changed in recent decades?

The educational experiences of American children, regardless of social class differences, __________.

Over the last 50 years, family income has become __________ in explaining the educational achievement gap.

How did U.S. students rank in comparison with other students of the world on the International Student Assessment tests in 2009?

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and Asian Americans, who tend to fare better, on average, than African American, Latino/a, and Native American students __________.

In a sociological context, SES is an abbreviation for __________.

The gender gap in education favors girls over boys with respect to __________.

Men with some high school education earn __________ than their female counterparts, while men with master's degrees earn __________ with similar educations.

What percentage of U.S. college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

Who is more likely to be home-schooled?

In the United States how much funding for schools comes from the federal government?

Tracking is __________.

Where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

Differences in achievement test scores can be explained, in part, by the differences in the courses that students take, especially in which three subjects?

Why does tracking persist, even though it clearly segregates students by social class and ethnicity?

Prosperous and white children are __________ as likely as poor or minority children to attend private schools.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the long-lasting effects of the hidden curriculum in schools?

Theo went to a prestigious private high school and, afterward, attended a well-respected university, where he earned a degree in finance. After working at a reputable firm for a few years, Theo branched out on his own. As a financial planner in private practice, Theo was sure he knew exactly what each of his new clients needed but had trouble making them understand his precise instructions. Every client eventually left him, saying that he was brilliant with figures but not so bright with people. Which of the following concepts would Theo's clients likely emphasize when describing their dealings with him?

Jeff wants to start his own business and he's eager to make it successful. He remembers his sociology professor talking about socialization theory, human capital, and allocation theory. Armed with this knowledge, what should be Jeff's strategy in building up his business?

Liz and Rachel were inseparable childhood friends but drifted apart after high school. Liz took a couple of community college classes, and Rachel earned a bachelor's degree. Considering only the extent of their postsecondary educational attainment, which of the following future outcomes seems most plausible for Liz and Rachel?

Given what you know about gender differences in educational attainment, which of the following scenarios is most likely?

Which of the following methods is more likely than the others to improve overall student achievement?

A group of teachers and administrators are meeting to discuss effective alternatives, or modifications, to tracking. Their goal is to provide an equitable learning and achievement environment for all students. Which of the following proposals has the greatest chance of fulfilling their goal?

Enrollment in public schools grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of __________.

Sociologists discovered which of the following was true among the urban elementary schools' response to the Texas Accountability System and Student Success Initiative?

__________ is the idea that competition for desirable and important positions should go to those with the best qualifications regardless of their family background.

The Morrill Act, passed in 1862 by the federal government, provided each state with resources to build __________.

In 1848, Horace Mann called education __________.

The value of degrees that previously secured a job are in decline such that students must overcome a variety of academic hurdles in order to be competitive for a position; this is known as __________.