SOC 300: Chapter 11

medicalization

sick role

U.S. health care coverage (4 types)

Whitehall Study

selection theory

drift expansion

psychological interpretation

materalistic interpretation

fundamental causes interpretation

morbidity

mortality

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

Reproductive technology has increased the number of multiple births, which leads to the ethical issue of:

Poor diet during adolescence can be detrimental to growth potential because:

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

Physicians in ancient Rome tended to have lower prestige. This was because:

Poor children can be covered medically by:

____________ results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation.

The "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES) states that:

The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had which of the following risk factors?

According to existing studies, why did the elderly who received more Social Security have higher mortality rates than the elderly who received less Social Security and had to work part-time?

The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between:

Being made to wait in order to see a doctor is evidence of the

During World War II, the U.S. economy suffered, and due to imposed price and wage controls, employers were often in the position of not being able to offer raises to employees despite long hours and hard, sometimes hazardous, work. Instead, many companies began to offer free health care as a benefit to make up the difference. This is often cited as the origin of

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were an early attempt to control health care costs. In this model, the provider - the doctor - receives a capitation, which is a fee per person and not a fee per treatment. The major shortcoming of this approach is that

How did the development of licensing standards in the nineteenth century affect the medical profession?

In general, how has the Internet affected the doctor-patient relationship?

In his interview with Dalton Conley, Jeffrey Sachs explains that malaria has been a major cause of economic failure in Africa, but not in Asia. Morbidity is very high with malaria, and it can literally destroy an entire village. From what we have learned about socioeconomic status and its relation to health, it is clear that malaria is an impediment to improved SES, and in that way it is linked to inequality. One of the major reasons why malaria is a big problem in Africa and not in Asia has to do with

In the United States, the infant mortality rate is highest for which of the following groups?

In the text, the discussion about the "height gap" describes how taller men benefit from their height. When Mayan Indians were studied, those who came to the United States gained height after 15 years, due in part to healthier lifestyles. This leaves open the question of why Dutch men are the tallest in the world. One theory holds that is about inequality, something we have studied. In the United States, the gap between rich and poor is huge, but in the Netherlands, that gap is far smaller. What problem in health care does this problem highlight in the link between health and inequality?

Kimberly is a successful television producer who is married to an attorney and has two children. She overhears a conversation at work about the dangers of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure from the use of certain types of plastic bottles. Over the next couple of weeks, she does some research on the Internet and contacts her family doctor to ask questions. Ultimately, she learns that you can buy products made without BPA, so she replaces all her family's plastic drink cups and bottles with non-BPA products. The fact that Kimberly learned about BPA dangers and then was able to research the subject and take action to protect her family is an example of which interpretation of the theory that social position causes health outcomes?

Paul is a successful manager earning a six-figure income at a Fortune 500 company. At age 48, he receives a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, with an uncertain prognosis. Over the course of the next nine months, Paul finds it increasingly difficult to do basic tasks - driving, typing, and even walking become daily challenges. As his disease progresses, he has good days and bad days, but he is eventually terminated from his job, leaving him unemployed and his family of five suddenly in a position of having to sell their house and seriously downsize. Gradually, friends he has had over the years stop calling. Invitations to social functions taper off. Paul and his family have been "downgraded" in their socioeconomic status, and one reason might be attributable to the drift theory. In this model it is argued that

Recently, your friend has had a scare with the discovery of a lump on her body. As she shares the experience of her visit to a medical doctor, she tells you that after being seen following a biopsy (which was benign), the doctor and the staff simply went ahead and scheduled a few future appointments. She tells you how difficult it was to try and stop these "auto-bookings" as she called them. Within the medical profession, this approach to health care is common and refers to

The importance of the Whitehall Study was to show that

The recent passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a lengthy political battle, between Congress and the president. While it appears that the major forces that eventually led to its passage were rooted in politics, the "back story" of the process involved health insurance companies, who saw the act as an opportunity to increase revenues. In what way does the ACA represent a shift in the relationship between doctors and patients?

There has been a lot of interest lately in the effects of gluten in our diet. Celiac disease, a known, well-understood problem, affects a moderate number of people worldwide. Gluten intolerance, though, is more widespread, not well known or understood, and difficult to evaluate clinically (whereas celiac disease is quite straightforward to test for). Diet fads come and go, and a gluten-free diet is popular these days. But a recent, very thorough clinical study has found that even when subjects were given a strictly controlled placebo diet, they reported a worsening of symptoms that agreed with commonly reported symptoms of persons complaining of gluten intolerance generally. This is an example of

Until 2012, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) labeled transgender persons as mentally ill, an example of medicalization. Following the most recent revision (the fifth), the DSM now uses the term Gender Identity Dysphoria, which means instead of being designated as mentally ill, transgender persons suffer a "marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender." This shift is both welcomed and a surprise, largely because it is a reversal of what change in the DSM that took place in the 1980s?

What factors, besides access to drug therapies, are key to fighting diseases in developing countries?

What have studies shown about the overall health of blacks and whites with similar incomes and education levels?

What is the paradox of the use of antibiotics to fight bacterial infections?

Which of the following are problems in the U.S. health insurance market that the Affordable Care Act sought to address (choose all that apply)?

Which of the following is a professional norm for doctors?

Which of the following is an accepted explanation for higher mortality rates among men?

Which of the following is an example of medicalization?

Which of the following were part of the process that gave doctors more power as medical professionals in the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century (choose all that apply)?

Which of the following would be considered a form of morbidity (choose all that apply)?