PSY – Psychology of a Developing Person – Chap 十五 (Death and Dying)

Lloyd has retired from his career as a city administrator, disengaging from his work life. In a case like this, disengagement one area of life: Select one: a. means that Lloyd will certainly disengage from all other areas of life, too. b. does not necessarily mean that Lloyd will disengage from other areas of life. c. proves that disengagement theory is more accurate than activity theory. d. is the start of Lloyd's decline.

Religious involvement correlates with _____ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits. Select one: a. higher levels of stress b. better health c. more wealth d. earlier death

According to Erikson, integrity versus despair is the focus of: Select one: a. adolescence. b. early adulthood. c. middle adulthood. d. late adulthood.

Only a small minority of older adults without access to broadband connections view this lack as: Select one: a. a major disadvantage. b. an advantage. c. a reason to maintain neighborliness. d. a financial issue.

In parent and adult child relationships, _____ feel stronger affection toward their parents. Select one: a. daughters b. sons c. those who live physically close together d. those who are emotionally close

Elderly people's relationships with members of younger generations: Select one: a. are usually positive but can also include tension and conflict. b. are usually negative but can also have some aspects that are mutually beneficial. c. do not have a significant impact on their life and happiness. d. are usually good with those much younger, such as grandchildren, but strained with those just one generation removed.

_____ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood. Select one: a. Dynamic b. Self c. Stratification d. Stage

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live? Select one: a. in a planned retirement community b. with their children or other relatives c. in their own homes d. in nursing homes

By age 65, what percentage of adults are grandparents? Select one: a. 75 b. 80 c. 85 d. 90

Which of the following conditions increases the likelihood of elder abuse? Select one: a. a demanding care receiver b. a well-paid caregiver c. residence in a state-licensed nursing home d. a caregiver who has only a small number of patients

Psychological health in old age is based on: Select one: a. the belief that one's particular faith or ethnicity is superior to that of others. b. a feeling that there is continuity in experience and traditions among generations. c. a focus on pleasure and immediate needs. d. the regular attendance of religious services.

Mildred and Louis are respected and obeyed by their grandchildren, who they see on holidays a few times a year. They would be described as _____ grandparents. Select one: a. involved b. companionate c. remote d. surrogate

Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called: Select one: a. self theories. b. stratification theories. c. continuity theories. d. activity theories.

Which of the following is a sign of a humane setting for long-term care? Select one: a. few inspections b. limited privacy c. individual choice in activities d. frequent changes in staff

What is the usual response when the elderly and their adult children are asked how much they contribute to the relationship? Select one: a. both underestimate b. older adults overestimate; younger adults underestimate c. younger adults overestimate; older adults underestimate d. both overestimate

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is: Select one: a. assisted living. b. an empty nest. c. a universal design. d. a naturally occurring retirement community.

Ed and Janet have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied: Select one: a. "We spend ample time apart." b. "We have learned how to disagree." c. "She depends on me for money." d. "We each have our own friends instead of a combined social circle."

The style of grandparenting is the most common in the United States is the _____ style. Select one: a. involved b. companionate c. remote d. traditional

Assisted living can be thought of as a combination of: Select one: a. hospital care and independent living. b. nursing home care and independent living. c. kinship care and hospital care. d. independent living and aging in place.

In the United States in 2011, what was the average nursing home cost per year? Select one: a. $15,875 b. $58,225 c. $85,775 d. $177,755

In what way are older Americans the LEAST politically active? Select one: a. voting b. writing letters to elected officials c. staying informed on current events d. volunteering on political campaigns

Marge was asked to select a cherished object from her life. She chose a small tarnished picture frame with a photo of her with her mother, taken when she was a girl. Her selection demonstrates her attempt to: Select one: a. portray her object as a valued antique. b. be young again. c. hold on to her identity. d. be more like her mother.

The responsibility for preventing frailty among the elderly in a society falls with: Select one: a. adult children of aging parents. b. social networks, the larger community, and individuals. c. the youngest generation and public policy officials. d. medical professionals.

Which of the following is NOT true of most front-line nursing home employees? Select one: a. They are most likely to be family members of the residents. b. They have little training. c. They have many patients. d. Pay is often very low.

Yvette looks back at her life with pride, even though some aspects of her personal history include errors on her part. Yvette is in the stage that Erikson called: Select one: a. generativity versus stagnation. b. optimization versus compensation. c. activity versus disengagement. d. integrity versus despair.

Xavier had strong social connections and community ties throughout his adult life, and mentored many individuals while in his career as a business manager. He was also an active volunteer in his community. Now that he is retired, Xavier will most likely: Select one: a. become socially isolated as he disengages from his work. b. become an active volunteer or find other ways to remain socially engaged. c. actually return to work because his professional life is his sole source of identity. d. experience rapidly declining health and well-being as he becomes more and more isolated.

Which of the following statements about older people and religion is TRUE? Select one: a. Religious institutions provide a valuable social network to the aging. b. Belief in the afterlife may explain the high numbers of suicide among African American women. c. Faith decreases with age and experience. d. Religious identity is never as significant as ethnic identity in the lives of older adults.

When older Americans move, they are most likely to move: Select one: a. not far from their old residence. b. to a warm climate. c. to the town where they were born. d. to the countryside, where it is quiet and where there is less crime. Check

Grandparents who are emotionally distant but who are honored, respected, and obeyed by grandchildren are considered to have which of the following grandparenting styles? Select one: a. remote b. involved c. surrogate d. companionate

When older Americans move, they are most likely to move: Select one: a. not far from their old residence. b. to a warm climate. c. to the town where they were born. d. to the countryside, where it is quiet and where there is less crime.

Which of the following statements about selective optimization with compensation is TRUE? Select one: a. With it, older adults decide how to accomplish something despite their limitations. b. Older adults who use it have poor self-efficacy. c. It was first emphasized by Freud and Erikson. d. It assumes that older adults must find new hobbies given their increasing challenges.

Erikson called the final crisis of development: Select one: a. optimization versus compensation. b. generativity versus stagnation. c. integrity versus despair. d. activity versus disengagement.

A family of many generations but with only a few members of each generation is called a _____ family. Select one: a. beanpole b. nuclear c. stratified d. collective

Which of the following statements about family caregivers of the frail elderly is true? Select one: a. Daughters-in-law are often grateful that they can reciprocate for nurturing they once received. b. Most caregivers have no prior experience taking care of the frail elderly. c. Caregiving is universally a depressing and unrewarding task. d. Public agencies frequently provide services to compensate for needs the caregiver is unable to fulfill.

Today, most never-married older adults are: Select one: a. pitied or ridiculed. b. still seeking a mate. c. unlikely to have a mate or partner of any kind. d. about as happy as people in long-term marriages.

Which of the following is NOT a possible reason that elders don't volunteer in higher numbers? Select one: a. Many structured volunteer activities are short, intense experiences that aren't designed for the elderly. b. Older people may be afraid to leave familiar environments. c. Organizations often lack recruitment and training efforts aimed at older volunteers. d. The elderly usually do not want to give time or money to assist others.

Grandparents who are emotionally distant but who are honored, respected, and obeyed by grandchildren are considered to have which of the following grandparenting styles? Select one: a. remote b. involved c. surrogate d. companionate

Yvette looks back at her life with pride, even though some aspects of her personal history include errors on her part. Yvette is in the stage that Erikson called: Select one: a. generativity versus stagnation. b. optimization versus compensation. c. activity versus disengagement. d. integrity versus despair.

The antithesis of disengagement theory is _____ theory. Select one: a. epigenetic b. identity c. activity d. feminist

Research has found that in order to be happy older adults need: Select one: a. work. b. at least one close friend c. sexual activity. d. to be married.

The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as: Select one: a. stratification by age. b. selective optimization. c. self-actualization. d. social stagnation.

Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society? Select one: a. feminist b. continuity c. disengagement d. sexist

Denmark, which has the highest proportion of happy seniors, mitigates stratification by income by: Select one: a. requiring, by law, that younger family members financially support elders. b. limiting family size to one child per household. c. providing free health care and subsidized senior housing. d. allowing no retirement.

Mrs. Smith lives near her grandchildren and cares for them every day. Her grandparenting is: Select one: a. surrogate. b. remote. c. involved. d. companionate.

In the U.S., elderly Hispanics seem to have a( n) _____ advantage over elderly non-Hispanics. Select one: a. longevity b. income c. health care d. education

Traditionally in Asian nations, who is usually the caregiver for a frail elderly person if that person does not have a spouse who can give care? Select one: a. a daughter and her husband b. an adult cousin c. a daughter-in-law d. a paid caregiver

Mildred and Louis are respected and obeyed by their grandchildren, who they see on holidays a few times a year. They would be described as _____ grandparents. Select one: a. involved b. companionate c. remote d. surrogate

Marietta babysits two days a week for her school-age grandchildren, and regularly gives her neighbor, who can no longer drive, a ride to the grocery store and doctor appointments. She also frequently sends small amounts of money to her daughter, who has just returned to college. Which of the following statements about Marietta's activities is NOT true? Select one: a. These informal activities are not measured in statistics about the volunteer work of the elderly. b. Many elderly people provide this kind of informal volunteer assistance to others. c. This work, like all volunteer work, is likely to increase Marietta's well being. d. Marietta would be better off volunteering with an organization, as to really help others, she needs more structure to her activities.

Religious involvement correlates with _____ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits. Select one: a. higher levels of stress b. better health c. more wealth d. earlier death

_____ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood. Select one: a. Dynamic b. Self c. Stratification d. Stage

Elderly people's relationships with members of younger generations: Select one: a. are usually positive but can also include tension and conflict. b. are usually negative but can also have some aspects that are mutually beneficial. c. do not have a significant impact on their life and happiness. d. are usually good with those much younger, such as grandchildren, but strained with those just one generation removed.

According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires: Select one: a. both assimilation and accommodation. b. a reassessment of identity. c. selective optimization. d. stratification.

The crucial stratification variable in the well being of the elderly is _____, which causes a lifetime of stresses including less education, less health care, and accumulating disadvantages of many kinds. Select one: a. the age of retirement b. low income c. age d. family size

Self theories emphasize: Select one: a. social forces. b. levels of discrimination. c. perceptions of self. d. circumscribed opportunities.

What is the usual response when the elderly and their adult children are asked how much they contribute to the relationship? Select one: a. both underestimate b. older adults overestimate; younger adults underestimate c. younger adults overestimate; older adults underestimate d. both overestimate

An intermediate form of care for older adults is: Select one: a. aging in place. b. assisted living. c. a nursing home. d. spending time in the hospital.

The increased allostatic load that African Americans experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as: Select one: a. self theory. b. weathering. c. disengagement. d. integrity.

Compared to single older adults, elderly partners tend to be: Select one: a. happier and wealthier. b. happier but poorer. c. poorer and less happy. d. wealthier but less happy.

By age 65, what percentage of adults are grandparents? Select one: a. 75 b. 80 c. 85 d. 90

When it comes to intergenerational relationships, conflict is more likely in ______ relationships than in distant ones. Select one: a. married b. long-lasting c. newly formed d. emotionally close

An intermediate form of care for older adults is: Select one: a. aging in place. b. assisted living. c. a nursing home. d. spending time in the hospital.

Jonah and Abigail have been married for 50 years. Jonah is healthy and active, and through his life's work as the owner of a business -- work he deeply loved -- he saved well for retirement. Based on this, which of the following is most likely TRUE? Select one: a. Abigail has a high level of well being because her partner has a high level of well being. b. Abigail's well being is certainly far less than that of her partner. c. Jonah would be wealthier if he were not partnered. d. Jonah and Abigail probably have an unhappy partnership.

The elderly may not participate in social networking for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Select one: a. they view social media as negative. b. they have privacy concerns. c. they are unable to learn new things. d. they have a lack of Internet service.

What percentage of those over the age of 74 in the United States have never married? Select one: a. 12 b. 10 c. 4 d. 2

Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society? Select one: a. feminist b. continuity c. disengagement d. sexist

In the United States, the trend has been toward _____ nursing home residents. Select one: a. more b. a stable number of c. fewer d. trying to increase the number of

According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires: Select one: a. both assimilation and accommodation. b. a reassessment of identity. c. selective optimization. d. stratification.

Self theories emphasize: Select one: a. social forces. b. levels of discrimination. c. perceptions of self. d. circumscribed opportunities.

Which of the following activities is one of the ADLs? Select one: a. bathing b. shopping c. paying bills d. preparing a family meal

What is one of the reasons that elder abuse sometimes difficult to identify? Select one: a. Most elders cannot speak for themselves. b. The definition of what constitutes abuse is not clearly defined. c. It is most common in institutions, where inspectors hide problems from view. d. Many elders make false claims, leading to a "boy who cried wolf" phenomenon.

A man who is almost 65 years old develops a passive style of interaction and withdraws from his connections with younger people. Which theory says this behavior is a natural part of aging? Select one: a. continuity b. self-actualization c. selective optimization d. disengagement

Denmark, which has the highest proportion of happy seniors, mitigates stratification by income by: Select one: a. requiring, by law, that younger family members financially support elders. b. limiting family size to one child per household. c. providing free health care and subsidized senior housing. d. allowing no retirement.

In the U.S., which of the following activities is one of the IADLs? Select one: a. eating b. toileting c. keeping a budget d. growing vegetables in a garden

Older immigrants tend to be: Select one: a. happy and financially stable due to retirement savings. b. well integrated into extended family life, as is the norm in the United States. c. isolated but provided for by social welfare programs. d. lonely and poor, without a U.S. work history or the benefit of extended family life to support them.

Martha has accumulated such large piles of old papers and magazines that she can no longer use her table or desk, and she has held on to so much old furniture and clothing that many rooms in her home cannot be entered. In her attempts to hang on to various material items from her life, Martha developed: Select one: a. a positivity effect. b. a good strategy for aging in place. c. universal design. d. compulsive hoarding.

Typically, who does more housework after retirement than before? Select one: a. men b. women c. hired caregivers d. both men and women

The most controversial version of social stratification theory is _____, in part because it can be used to justify ageism and social isolation. Select one: a. compensation b. disengagement c. optimization d. activity

Which state has the highest proportion of people over the age of 65? Select one: a. Florida b. California c. Arizona d. Maine

In older adults, a positive world view: Select one: a. correlates with less well being. b. correlates with believing that life is meaningful. c. is associated with increased family conflict. d. is associated with increased responsiveness to regretful events.

About 5 percent of elders report that they have been victims of: Select one: a. caregiving. b. frailty. c. ADLs. d. elder abuse.

Which of the following statements about family caregivers of the frail elderly is true? Select one: a. Daughters-in-law are often grateful that they can reciprocate for nurturing they once received. b. Most caregivers have no prior experience taking care of the frail elderly. c. Caregiving is universally a depressing and unrewarding task. d. Public agencies frequently provide services to compensate for needs the caregiver is unable to fulfill.

Mrs. Smith lives near her grandchildren and cares for them every day. Her grandparenting is: Select one: a. surrogate. b. remote. c. involved. d. companionate.

Multi-generational families appear to be most beneficial for: Select one: a. elephants. b. children. c. the sandwich generation. d. people from each generation.

About one in every ____ long-term marriages is not satisfying to at least one person in the couple. Select one: a. 10 b. 6 c. 2 d. 4

In recent years, the rates of social networking among those aged 65 and older increased by what percent? Select one: a. 15 b. 40 c. 75 d. 100

In the U.S., elderly Hispanics seem to have a( n) _____ advantage over elderly non-Hispanics. Select one: a. longevity b. income c. health care d. education

In the U.S., which of the following activities is one of the IADLs? Select one: a. eating b. toileting c. keeping a budget d. growing vegetables in a garden

Multi-generational families appear to be most beneficial for: Select one: a. elephants. b. children. c. the sandwich generation. d. people from each generation.

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately: Select one: a. limit women but not men. b. harm them in late adulthood. c. keep society intact. d. make them better spouses.

Today, most never-married older adults are: Select one: a. pitied or ridiculed. b. still seeking a mate. c. unlikely to have a mate or partner of any kind. d. about as happy as people in long-term marriages