Parts Of A Cell

25 July 2022
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Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)
Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)
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It's function is to protect the cell and control what goes in and out. It is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller molecules so it is flexible and porous (allows things to pass through it).
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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It is the fluid that fills a cell. It is mainly water and dissolved molecules
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Vacuole
Vacuole
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It's function is storage. They might contain water and other important materials such as food (sugars). They can be very large in plant cells (small in animal cells).
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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It's function is to produce energy. These organelles package food energy into molecules called ATP which can be used to do things like make your muscles move.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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It's function is to package proteins and send them to the golgi apparatus
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Chromatin
Chromatin
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Highly unorganized and uncoiled DNA which is held inside the nucleus. Under a microscope this appears as small strings.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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It's function is to make lipids (or fats), and steroids in the cell. It acts as a storage organelle.
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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It's function is to control the cell. It acts like the brain. It helps control eating, movement, and reproduction. It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the DNA of the cell.
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Nucleolus
Nucleolus
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A dense round object located inside the nucleus. This is where ribosomes are made.
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Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelope
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It's function is to protect the nucleus and control what goes in and out of the nucleus.
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Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
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It's function is to collect proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. It processes them to make them more complex. Then it sends the packaged proteins to their location (sometimes out of the cell). It's like a mail center.
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Vesicle
Vesicle
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This term literally means "small vessel". This organelle helps store and move products into and out of the cell. (e.g. from the rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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These are the food producers of the cell. The organelles are only found in plant cells and some protists such as algae.
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Ribosome
Ribosome
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It's function is to make proteins. They are very small and can be attached the the rough endoplasmic reticulum, or free floating in the cytoplasm
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Centriole
Centriole
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It's function is to help the process of cell division in animal cells
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Organelles
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The parts of a cell