Microbiology Exam 2: Chapter 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding viruses? A) virions contain both DNA and RNA B) They multiply by binary fission C) They are sensitive to antibiotics D) They are not composed of cells

Viruses that infect bacteria are called A) bacteriophages B) prions C) viroids D) antisense viruses

The suffix -viridae is used for virus A) genus names B) order names C) phylum names D) family names

Capsids are composed of protein subunits known as A) capsomeres B) spikes C) envelopes D) tail fibers

ALL of the following can be used to culture animal viruses EXCEPT A) laboratory animals B) cell culture C) embryonated eggs D) glucose broth

Cell deteriorations due to viral infections are known as A) transformations B) biosynthesis C) cytopathic effects D) plaques

Continuous cell lines A) die out after only a few generations B) are sometimes called immortal cell lines C) are grown in embryonated eggs D) are derived from bacteria

The plaque method can be used to A) grow bacteriophages B) grow animal viruses C) genetically modify viruses D) identify viral species

Which of the following is an example of a persistent viral infection in humans? A) cold sore B) HIV/AIDS C) shingles D) influenza

Which of the following is an example of a latent viral infection in humans? A) measles B) HIV/AIDS C) shingles D) influenza

The enzyme that uses viral RNA as a template to produce complementary double-stranded DNA is A) DNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase D) reverse transcriptase

Viruses that infect and lyse cancer cells are called A) oncogenic viruses B) latent viruses C) oncolytic viruses D) lysogenic viruses

Viruses capable of inducing tumors in animals are called A) oncogenic viruses B) latent viruses C) oncolytic viruses D) lysogenic viruses

Cancer-causing alterations to cellular DNA affect parts of the genome called A) introns B) oncogenes C) exons D) promoters

The ability of retroviruses to induce tumors is related to which enzyme? A) reverse transcriptase B) RNA polymerase C) DNA polymerase D) protease

What percentage of cancers are known to be virus-induced? A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100%

Scrapie is an example of a _________ disease found in sheep and caused by a prion. A) neurological B) gastrointestinal C) respiratory D) cardiovascular

How do all viruses differ from bacteria? A) Viruses are filterable B) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites C) Viruses do not have any nucleic acid D) Viruses are not composed of cells E) Viruses do not reproduce

Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals? A) They are not composed of cells B) They are filterable C) They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host D) They cause diseases similar to those caused by chemicals E) They are chemically simple

Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE? A) They are composed of carbohydrate-protein complexes B) They are used for attachment C) They may cause hemagglutination D) They bind to receptors on the host cell surface E) They are found only on nonenveloped viruses

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses? A) biochemical tests B) morphology C) nucleic acid D) size E) number of capsomeres

Which of the following is NOT utilized to culture viruses? A) lab animals B) culture media C) embryonated eggs D) animal cell cultures E) bacterial cultures

Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which of the following steps? A) attachment B) penetration C) uncoating D) biosynthesis E) release

The definition of lysogeny is A) phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA B) lysis of the host cell due to a phage C) the period during replication when virions are not present D) when the burst time takes an unusually long time E) attachment of a phage to a cell

A clear area against a confluent "lawn" or bacteria is called a A) phage B) pock C) cell lysis D) plaque E) rash

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that A) viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines B) continuous cell lines always have to be re-isolated from animal tissues C) continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines D) continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations E) continuous cell lines are from human embryos

Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion? A) DNA B) DNA polymerase C) lysozyme D) PrP^Sc E) RNA

A persistent infection is one in which A) the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease B) viral replication is unusually slow C) the disease process occurs gradually over a long period D) host cells are gradually lysed E) host cells are transformed

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome B) A prophage can "pop" out of the chromosome C) prophage genes are repressed by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage D) A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell E) the prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages

Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT A) immunity to reinfection by the same phage B) acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell C) immunity to reinfection by any phage D) specialized transduction E) phage conversion

An infectious protein is a A) bacteriophage B) prion C) retrovirus D) viroid E) papovavirus

An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps? A) penetration B) adsorption C) uncoating D) biosynthesis E) release

Which of the following statements is NOT true of lysogeny? A) It can give infected pathogens the genetic information for toxin production B) Prophage is inserted into the host genome C) Lytic cycle may follow lysogeny D) It is a "silent" infection; the virus does not replicate E) It causes lysis of host cells

An example of a latent viral infection is A) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis B) cold sores C) influenza D) smallpox E) mumps

A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the A) host cell's ability to phagocytize the cell membrane B) presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane C) type of viral nucleic acid D) enzymatic activity of a host cell E) presence of pili on the host cell wall

Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT A) lysozyme B) tRNA C) amino acids D) nucleotides E) ATP

Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves A) adsorption to specific receptors B) assembly of viral components C) replication of viral nucleic acid D) injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell E) lysis of the host cell`

Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT A) RNA polymerase B) nucleotides C) DNA polymerase D) tRNA E) non of the answers are correct

Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication 1. Maturation 2. DNA synthesis 3. Transcription 4. Translation A) 1; 2; 3; 4 B) 2; 3; 4; 1 C) 3; 4; 1; 2 D) 4; 1; 2; 3 E) 4; 3; 2; 1

Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families A) Retroviridae and Picornaviridae. B) Herpesviridae and Retroviridae. C) Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae. D) Herpesviridae and Poxviridae. E) Rhabdoviridae and Herpesviridae.

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE A) viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both B) Viruses contain a protein coat C) viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell D) viruses use their own catabolic enzymes E) viruses have genes

A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside of the patient? A) the virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient B) the virus is not killing any of the cells in the host C) the virus is incorporating nucleic acid with that of the patient's cells D) The virus is slowly killing the patient's cells E) The virus is infecting the cells and then releasing only small amounts of virus

Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called A) latent viruses B) lytic viruses C) phages D) slow viruses E) unconventional viruses

The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesvirus. Which is the third step? A) attachment B) biosynthesis C) penetration D) release E) uncoating

The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step? A) synthesis of double stranded DNA B) synthesis of +RNA C) attachment D) penetration E) uncoating

Oncogenic viruses A) cause acute infections B) are genetically unstable C) cause tumors to develop D) are lytic viruses that kill the host cell E) have no effect on the host cell

Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes? A) DNA dependent DNA polymerase B) lysozyme C) RNA dependent RNA polymerase D) reverse transcriptase E) ATP synthase

________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ______ in infected cells A) Herpes viruses; lesions B) Oncogenes; transformation C) T antigens; lysis D) Glycoprotein spikes; syncytia formation E) Segmented genomes; reassortment

The basic mechanism of viral multiplication is similar for all viruses

Binomial nomenclature is used to name viruses

Glycoprotein spikes are found on the capsids of all viruses

Dogs do not get measles because their cells lack the correct receptor sites for that virus

Viruses are the only known infectious agents that are obligatory intracellular parasites

Most drugs that interfere with viral multiplication also interfere with host cell function