Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is true?
answer
Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing
question
How is translation initiated?
answer
he small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA.
The tRNA bearing methionine binds to the start codon.
The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one.
The start codon signals the start of translation.
All of the above.
question
During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?
answer
A site
question
Where does translation take place?
answer
Ribosome
question
Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?
answer
mRNA
question
Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification?
answer
Phosphorylation
question
Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation?
answer
The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.
question
At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?
answer
A-site
question
What is meant by translocation?
answer
The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA.
question
True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.
answer
False
question
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?
answer
from DNA to RNA to protein
question
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
answer
modified guanine nucleotide
question
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.
answer
a long string of adenine nucleotides
question
Spliceosomes are composed of _____.
answer
snRNPs and other proteins
question
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____.
answer
exons
question
Translation occurs in the _____.
answer
cytoplasm
question
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the _____.
answer
binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
question
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
answer
transcription
question
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
answer
translation
question
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
answer
RNA processing
question
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
answer
amino acids
question
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
answer
mRNA
question
Translation requires _____.
answer
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
question
Alternative RNA splicing _____.
answer
can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single gene
question
Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?
answer
A cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA.
question
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
answer
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
question
The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
answer
CUG
question
The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
answer
p
question
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
answer
three ... amino acid
question
What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?
answer
Transcription
question
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
answer
Organelles
question
Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?
answer
A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase
question
Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?
answer
The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.
question
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?
answer
Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides
question
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?
answer
Complementary
question
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
answer
It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.
question
Post-translational modifications of proteins may include the _____.
answer
addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein
question
A signal peptide _____.
answer
helps target a protein to the ER
question
Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
answer
RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
question
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is _____.
answer
3' UCA 5'
question
Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?
answer
concurrent transcription and translation
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