Why did Braque and Picasso begin pasting paper, fabric, rope, and other objects to their canvases?
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They pasted those things because they wanted to challenge the space between life and art.
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What special significance does the spiral have in Cubist paintings such as Picasso's Violin?
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Interplay between two and three dimensions.
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According to the Futurists, what was the defining characteristic of modern life?
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Speed was the defining characteristic of modern life.
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What much earlier work does Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space resemble?
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Nike of Samothrace
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Why did Igor Stravinsky earn boos and hisses from the opening-night Parisian audience for Le Sacre de printemps (The Rite of Spring)?
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Parisian audiences hissed and booed it on opening night because they thought it was Radical music. It was very jarring to the ears; a cacophony of sound.
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With what are the German Die Brücke artists associated?
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Associated with disturbing color contrasts; jagged linear constructions.
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Why was the Der Blaue Reiter artist Wassily Kandinsky obsessed with color?
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Wassily Kandinsky was obsessed with color which he believed directly influenced the soul.
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What is the chief theme of Kandinsky's Composition VII?
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The chief theme was the final biblical Apocalypse.
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Why in Composition VII does Kandinsky represent the social middle class with green?
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Green equates to smug and immovable
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Why did Arnold Schoenberg create his 12-tone system?
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He created the 12-tone system because he believed every tone was equal to each other.
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Why did Guillaume Apollinaire arrange the words of his calligramme poem "Il Pleut" in vertical columns?
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Calligramme poems created verbal pictures. "ll Pleut" = Its raining.
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Who developed Imagist poetry?
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Ezra Pound developed imagist poetry
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Which American poet did Ezra Pound grudgingly admit influenced his work?
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Influenced by American poetry of Walt Whitman.
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Why did Eadweard Muybridge photograph a trotting horse in rapid succession?
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Wanted to know "Were all four feet ever off the ground at the same time?"
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Why were Thomas Edison's early films for the Kinetoscope rather limited?
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Limited because only one person at a time could view the moving picture
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Why did early silent films appeal especially to the working-class, immigrant audiences?
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Early silent films appealed to working-class immigrant audiences because they didn't have to understand the language (usually English).
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Why did The Birth of a Nation establish director D. W. Griffith as a film master?
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The use of cinematic space established him as a film master; First to use the concept of the flashback; Birth of a Nation was important film: very racist. Used multiple reels= 40 mins long.
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As discussed in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section, why can Picasso's Bottle of Suze be viewed as a political statement about the first Balkan War?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne)
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Approximately how many casualties resulted from World War I?
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about 10 million casualties
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Why did the World War I soldiers so fear mustard gas?
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Mustard Gas blinded and choked the men
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Why did Gertrude Stein declare of the World War I survivors, "You are all a lost generation"?
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They were aimless survivors - many deaf, blind, lame
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Why did the Nazi government ban Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front?
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Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front gave detailed horrors of trench warfare. Nazi government banned the novel because it was too anti-militaristic.
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With what did poet William Butler Yeats compare the postwar era?
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He compared the postwar era to the Apocalypse. The specter of collapse; world is pitiless and nightmarish.
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According to its founders, what did Dada mean?
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Dada = nothingness
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Why did the Dada poets compose nonsensical sound poems?
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Dadaists saw language as a vehicle for nationalism and war. Composed nonsensical sound poems to protest the empty rhetoric of nationalism.
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What did one American critic call Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase?
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Criticized as "an explosion in a shingle factory"
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Why did the exhibition committee for a 1917 New York show hide Duchamp's "ready-made" entry, Fountain, behind a curtain?
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Was hidden behind a curtain at the 1917 NY show because it is a urinal
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Whose utopian views influenced Vladimir Lenin?
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Influenced by Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto
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Why did so much of Kasimir Malevich's Suprematist art depend on the square?
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Depended on the square to free art from the weight of objectivity
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Why in the 1915 "0,10" exhibition did Malevich replace the area reserved for religious icons with his Black Square?
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Replaced area reserved for religious icons to represent the void of religious feeling
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Why did Sergei Eisenstein make agitkas, the most famous of which is The Battleship Potemkin?
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Wanted to gain support for the Russian Revolution. Keep attention of audience using fast paced editing style.
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In The Battleship Potemkin's Odessa Steps scene, how did Eisenstein heighten tension and emotional impact?
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Used different rhythms of music to heighten tension and emotional impact
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How does The Battleship Potemkin's Odessa Steps scene qualify as Eisenstein's invention?
answer
The New Russian Cinema / Filmic Montage
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What was an implication of Freud's theory of infantile sexuality?
answer
Childhood was no longer 'innocent'
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According to Freud, which of the following is NOT one of the competing drives of human personality?
answer
Competing drives of human personality: Id, Ego, Superego (conscience/guilt).
Anything else is the NOT.
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According to Freud, how have civilizations failed humans?
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Civilization has failed humanity because it has not controlled aggression
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What did the Surrealists attempt to capture in literature and art?
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sought to capture thoughts not controlled by reason
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In his Surrealist Girl Before a Mirror, what does Picasso portray in his mistress's reflected image?
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Portrays the girl's complex unconscious self. / raw sexuality of her subconscious.
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How did Salvador Dali claim to have been inspired to paint such works as The Lugubrious Game and The Persistence of Memory?
answer
claimed that inspiration for some paintings came from self-hypnosis that led to hallucinations
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In The Lugubrious Game, why does Dali position a grasshopper under his self-portrait's nose?
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Because Dali was terrified of grasshoppers
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Why did some early twentieth-century writers embrace stream of consciousness?
answer
Method of relating the psychological inner dialogue of the characters
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Why is the final episode in James Joyce's Ulysses considered revolutionary?
answer
It was an uncensored exploration of female sexuality. Banned in both Britain and the U.S
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Why did Virginia Woolf disapprove of Joyce's Ulysses?
answer
Woolf did not approve of Joyce's working-class focus in Ulysses.
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In "A Room of One's Own," what did Virginia Woolf claim women needed to reach their full potential?
answer
Women need to reach their full potential to have financial and psychological freedom from me
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In 'Remembrance of Things Past', how did Marcel Proust defy the constraints of linear time?
answer
defied the constraints of linear time by free association of memories. / Past comes alive in present, freed from time constraints.
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As discussed in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section, why did Harlem Renaissance poet Langston Hughes dislike Paris?
answer
disliked Paris because it was too materialistic
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According to the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section, why did so many Southern African-Americans make the Great Migration to the north between 1915 and 1918?
answer
Looking for the plentiful jobs there and hoped for less racism.
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