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DNA & Protein Synthesis

Dahlia Lee avatar Dahlia Lee
25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
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A DNA molecule is shaped like a
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spiral staircase.
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During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with
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thymine (T).
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Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of
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a pair of nitrogen bases.
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The cell's DNA
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is copied during replication.
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The order of nitrogen bases along a gene
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determines the genetic code.
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The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which
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amino acids are put together to form a protein.
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Messenger RNA, during protein synthesis,
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copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm.
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Transfer RNA molecules, during protein synthesis
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carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein.
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Protein synthesis takes place
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on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell.
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Uracil
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is the nitrogen base in RNA and IS NOT part of the DNA.
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The 8 steps of Protein Synthesis are:
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1) DNA molecule unzips between the base pairs, 2) RNA bases match up along side of the DNA strand to create mRNA, 3) mRNA carries the coded message out of the nucleus to the ribosome, 4) Ribosome moves along the mRNA reading the coded message, 5) tRNA carrying specific amino acids attaches to a 3-base code of the mRNA, 6) Amino acids attach to the one another in the proper sequence growing a protein chain, 7) Protein continues to grow until the ribosome reaches a 3-base code that acts as a stop sign, and 8) The ribosome releases the complete protein.
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Define DNA replication and explain its function.
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It is the process in which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus. The function is that it makes sure the daughter cells have the correct genetic information for mitosis.
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If you have a piece of DNA that contains the following series of nitrogen bases: A-C-G-C-T-T what is the series of nitrogen bases on the other side of that piece of DNA look like? Be able to explain why.
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T-G-C-G-A-A
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Describe the step of DNA replication.
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1) DNA molecule unwinds and the two sides separate between the base pairs, 2) Nitrogen bases floating in the nucleus pair up with each half of the DNA strand, 3) Once new bases are attached, two new DNA molecules have been formed.
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List two differences between DNA and RNA.
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DNA - double strand, has the base thymine RNA - single strand, has the base uracil instead of thymine
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Be able to label on a DNA section:
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nitrogen bases deoxyribose phosphate