CPR Test Information

24 July 2022
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question
What is the correct order of steps in the Out-of-the-Hospital Chain of Survival for adults? High-Quality CPR Advanced Resuscitation Post-Cardiac Arrest Care Defibrillation Activation of Emergency Response Recovery
answer
Activation of Emergency Response High-Quality CPR Defibrillation Advanced Resuscitation Post-Cardiac Arrest Care Recovery
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What do you do first?
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Make sure the scene is safe for you and the victim
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How do you check for responsiveness?
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Tap the victim's shoulder and shout "Are you OK?"
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If the victim is not responsive, what should you do next?
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Call 911 (activate the emergency response) and get the AED (or send someone to get it)
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How do you check the pulse of an adult victim?
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Feel carotid pulse
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How do you check for breathing?
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Scan chest for no more than 10 seconds
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Should you check for breathing and pulse at the same time?
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Yes (no more than 10 seconds)
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What should you do if the victim is not breathing or only gasping?
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Be prepared to start high quality CPR
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What are the components of a pulse check in an unresponsive victim?
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Assess the pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds Feel the pulse in the groove to the side of the trachea Use 2 or 3 fingers to locate the pulse
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What is the correct chest compression rate for adults?
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100 to 120/min
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What does a chest compression feedback device monitor?
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Chest recoil, compression depth, and compression rate
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How do you open the airway for breaths if a single rescuer is present?
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Head tilt chin lift
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How do you do a head tilt chin lift?
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Put one hand on the victim's forehead and push with your palm to tilt the head back, place fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw, lift the jaw to bring the chin forward
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When using a pocket mask, where should the rescuer be positioned?
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At the side of the victim
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What do you use as a guide for correct positioning of the pocket mask?
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Bridge of the nose
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How long should the breaths be when using a pocket mask?
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Over 1 second (long enough to see the chest rise)
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What is bag-mask device used to provide for a victim who is not breathing or not breathing normally?
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Positive-pressure ventilation
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After positioning yourself directly above the victim's head, what is the correct order of steps for using a bag-mask device? Place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position Use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise
answer
Place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position Use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise
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What changes about using a bag-mask device if there are 2 rescuers?
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One is above the victim, opens the airway, and holds the mask in place and the other is at the side of the victim and squeezes the bag
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How are breaths delivered using a bag-mask device?
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1 breath over 1 second, while watching for chest rise
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What are two life-threatening arrythmias that can cause cardiac arrest?
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Pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
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Why is an AED needed?
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To analyze the heart rhythm and provide a shock
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After an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?
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Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions
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When should you use adult pads on an AED?
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If the victim is 8 years of age or older
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If an AED says that no shock is needed what should you do?
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Immediately resume CPR, starting with compressions
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When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim?
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During analysis and before shock delivery
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Where should AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 years and older?
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Side of the left nipple and below the right collarbone
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Where should AED pads be placed in the anteroposterior placement for adults and children 8 years and older?
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Left side of the chest and left side of the back
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You and your colleague respond to an adult victim who is unresponsive. After assessing that the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do?
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Activate the emergency response system and get the AED
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You tap and shout to check for responsiveness, but the patient does not respond. What is your next step after calling for help?
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Check for breathing and a pulse
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After checking breathing and pulse, you find that the patient is not breathing normally but has a pulse and needs rescue breathing. What is the correct ventilation rate?
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1 breath every 6 seconds, or about 10 breaths per minute
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After 4 minutes of rescue breathing, no pulse is present during a pulse check. What immediate actions should be taken?
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Immediately begin CPR and turn on the AED
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As you are providing CPR, your colleague arrives, turns on the AED, and follows the prompts. The AED analyzes rhythm and does not advise a shock. After you immediately resume CPR, how do you continue treating the patient?
answer
Continue CPR until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check, the ALS team arrives, or the patient starts to move
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What is the pediatric chain of survival?
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Prevention, activation of emergency response, high quality CPR, advanced resuscitation, post cardiac arrest care, recovery
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What is the preferred method for pulse check in an infant?
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Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder (brachial artery pulse)
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Where do you perform a pulse check on a child?
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Femoral artery pulse
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When performing high quality CPR on a child, what is the correct depth of compression?
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Approximately 2 inches (5 cm)
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What is the target rate for chest compressions for children?
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100 to 120/min
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During CPR on a child where should you place 1 or 2 hands over?
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Lower half of the breastbone
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When performing high quality CPR on an infant, what is the correct depth of compression?
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1.5 inches (4 cm)
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When performing chest compressions for an infant, you can use 2 thumbs or put 2 fingers in the center of the chest, just below what?
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The nipple line
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When performing chest compressions for an infant in a 2 rescuer situation, what should you put 2 of in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the breastbone?
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Thumbs
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What are the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratios for infants and children with 1 rescuer?
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30:2
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What are the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratios for infants and children with 2 or more rescuers?
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15:2
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What should you do if you are alone with no mobile phone and witness a child collapse?
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Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED before beginning CPR. Use AED as soon as it is available.
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What should you do if you are not alone and you witness a child collapse?
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Send someone to get the AED and begin CPR immediately. Use the AED as soon as it is available.
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What should you do if you are alone and you find a collapsed child? (unwitnessed)
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Start CPR with cycles of 30:2, if you are still alone after about 2 minutes activate the emergency response system and get an AED if not already done
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What should you do if you are with someone and find a collapsed child? (unwitnessed)
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Send someone to get the AED and begin CPR immediately, use AED as soon as it is available
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What is the correct approach for AED pad placement for infants and children less than 8 years of age?
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As indicated on the pad packages
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What should you do if a child is not breathing and a pulse is felt?
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Give rescue breaths every 2 to 3 seconds (20 to 30 breaths per minute) and assess pulse rate for no more than 10 seconds
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What should you do if you find a child with a heart rate less than 60/min with signs of poor perfusion?
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Start CPR
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What should you do if you find a child with a heart rate greater than or equal to 60/min?
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Continue rescue breathing, check pulse every 2 minutes, if no pulse start CPR
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The infant is unresponsive when you tap her foot and shout, "Are you OK?" She could be in cardiac arrest. What is your next step?
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For 5 to 10 seconds, look for no breathing or only gasping while simultaneously checking the brachial pulse
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The infant isn't breathing normally but has a pulse. What do you need to do?
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Provide rescue breaths, with 1 every 2 to 3 seconds
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You check the infant's pulse every 2 minutes and detect that the heart rate is less than 60/min with signs of perfusion. While your colleague begins CPR, what action do you need to take?
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Power on the AED, follow the prompts, and use the child pads
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The AED detects a shockable rhythm and advises a shock. After delivering 1 shock, you and your partner immediately resume CPR by using what ratio and which compression technique on the infant?
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Complete cycles of 15 compressions and 2 breaths, and use the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique
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To avoid fatigue, when should team roles alternate providing compressions?
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Every 5 cycles or 2 minutes
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Which team role keeps track of interruptions in compressions?
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Timer/recorder
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Which team role makes treatment decisions and assigns roles?
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Team leader
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How can you achieve a high chest compression fraction?
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Minimize pauses in chest compression
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When performing high quality CPR, when do pauses in compressions typically occur?
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Rhythm analysis, defibrillation, pulse checks, compressor switches, intubation
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What is the indication for mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths?
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When a barrier device is not available
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What are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment? Verify scene safety Look for no breathing and only gasping and check pulse Check for responsiveness Activate the emergency response system and get an AED Begin CPR if no breathing or no gasping and no pulse is felt
answer
All of the above
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Your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, and you determine she needs CPR. You begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and are about to deliver breaths by using mouth-to-mouth breaths. You open the airway with a head tilt chin lift. What is the sequence of your next actions? Give 1 breath and blow for 1 second Give a second breath (blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise) Watch for chest rise while giving the breath Pinch the nose and seal your lips around the victim's mouth
answer
Pinch the nose and seal your lips around the victim's mouth Give 1 breath and blow for 1 second Watch for chest rise while giving the breath Give a second breath (blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise)
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What is the correct sequence of actions for performing mouth-to-nose breaths for an infant? Place your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal Give one breath, blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise Perform a head tilt-chin lift
answer
Perform a head tilt chin lift Place your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal Give one breath, blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise
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When providing rescue breaths to a child or infant victim, how many breaths should you give?
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1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds
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When an advanced airway is in place, what rate should chest compressions be provided at?
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100 to 120 per minute
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When an advanced airway is in place, rescue breaths should be given at a rate of how many breaths for adults?
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1 breath every 6 seconds
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What is a medication that can temporarily reverse the effects of opioid overdose?
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Naloxone
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What are the common routes of administration for naloxone?
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Intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal
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A rescuer arrives at the side of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. The victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse. What is the next action the rescuer should take?
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Give 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds
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What is a sign of a severe airway obstruction?
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Inability to speak
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What are the signs of choking?
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Silent cough, inability to speak or breathe, cyanosis (turning blue), universal sign for choking
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When performing abdominal thrusts on adults and children, in which direction should your thrusts be directed?
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Upward
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How do you perform abdominal thrusts?
answer
Stand/kneel behind the victim and find the bellybutton Make a fist with one hand and put the thumb side against the victim's abdomen (just above the bellybutton and below the breastbone) Grasp your fist with the other hand and press into the victim's abdomen quickly and forcefully upward Repeat until object is expelled or the victim becomes unresponsive
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What are examples of effective team dynamics?
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Debriefing, clear roles and responsibilities, constructive intervention, knowledge sharing
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What should you do if a choking victim becomes unresponsive?
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Activate emergency response system Lower them to the ground Perform CPR and each time you open the airway to give breaths, look for the obstructing object If an object can be easily removed carefully remove it (do not do a blind sweep!)
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How should you treat a choking infant?
answer
Sit/kneel with the infant in your lap, hold the infant facedown and resting on your forearm with the head slightly lower than the chest, support the head and jaw with your hand, deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully between the shoulder blades with the heel of the hand, turn infant onto their back (keep head lower than chest), deliver up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts, repeat until object is removed or infant is unresponsive
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When a choking infant becomes unresponsive, what is one thing you need to do differently when performing CPR?
answer
Check the airway for the obstructing object
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Which of the following are resuscitation triangle roles in a high-performance team?
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Compressor, AED/Monitor/Defibrillator, Airway
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You respond to a collapsed pregnant females as the only rescuer. You follow the BLS sequence and find that she is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has no pulse. She is visibly pregnant. You activate the emergency response system. What is your next action?
answer
Begin chest compressions
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If a choking victim is too large for you to wrap your arms around the waist, you should perform what type of thrusts?
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Chest
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How many backslaps and how many chest thrusts should you deliver to a choking infant who is responsive?
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5 and 5
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You witnessed the collapse of a child. You are the only rescuer and do not have a mobile phone. After confirming no breathing and no pulse, what is your next step?
answer
Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED
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What is a correct approach for AED pad placement for infants and children less than 8 years of age?
answer
As indicated on the pad packages
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What are some special considerations when using an AED?
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Implanted defibrillators/pacemakers, excessive chest hair, water, transdermal medicine patches
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What is recommended to minimize interruptions in compressions when using an AED?
answer
Continue with high quality CPR until AED prompts to clear, when 2 or more rescuers are present one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other prepares the AED, if no shock is advised and after any shock delivery immediately resume high quality CPR starting with chest compressions