The primary responsibility of a lifeguard is to ensure _____________ _____________ and to
protect ____________________.
answer
patron safety and protect lives
question
In what ways should a professional lifeguard be prepared for his or her job?
answer
Knowledgeable and skilled , reliable, mature, courteous and consistent, positive, professional
question
What different environments employ lifeguards?
answer
lakes, beaches, coves, pool clubs, community pools
question
The certificates you earn in this class will prepare you for working in which environment(s)?
answer
*very environment that hires red cross certified lifeguards
question
List one decision that a lifeguard may have to make?
answer
F.I.N.D
question
The FIND model stands for:
answer
Figure out the problem, identify the possible solutions, name the pros and cons for each solution, decide which solutions is best
question
Duty to act _____
answer
A legal responsibility to respond to an emergency while
on the job.
question
Standard of care
answer
The benchmark by which the actions of a caregiver with
similar training and experience is measured.
question
Negligence _____
answer
A failure to act or to use reasonable care that results in
injury or that causes further harm.
question
Good Samaritan laws _____
answer
Statutes that generally provide legal protection to
people who willingly (without a duty to act) give
emergency care without being negligent or accepting
anything in return
question
Consent ______
answer
Permission to provide care given by an injured adult or
the parent of an injured child to a rescuer or caregiver.
This permission is implied when the adult is
unresponsive or the child is unattended.
question
Refusal of care ______
answer
An unwillingness to receive first aid or medical
treatment expressed by a victim (or the victim's parent
or guardian) who must give consent.
question
Abandonment ______
answer
The failure to continue care once it has been initiated.
question
Confidentiality _____
answer
The safeguarding of a victim's right to privacy as it
concerns his or her medical condition, etc.
question
Documentation _____
answer
A form, like an accident report, that describes what was
seen, heard, and done during an emergency.
question
As you keep in mind the legal considerations explained in this chapter, read the following
scenario and answer the related questions: A female patron slips and falls on the deck. She hits
her head, and it is lightly bleeding. You ask for consent, but the patron refuses. She says she will
get dressed and go home.
a. What should you do?
A few minutes after the patron enters the locker room, another patron comes out and says the
woman is now unconscious in the locker room.
b. Should you help the patron now? Why or why not?
answer
A- fill out a report and ask her to sign if not, write that down on the documentations.B- Then you would help her because she is unconscious it is called implied consent
question
What is the importance of the lifeguard team?
answer
working together, following rules and regulations, acting fast when it comes to an emergency, and understanding how to wok like a team
question
The lifeguard team is part of a larger team - the _______________ ________________ team.
answer
the lifeguard team and the safety team
question
how to prevent injuries
answer
patron safety
question
risk management
answer
identifying dangerous conditions/ behaviors that can cause injury and then taking steps to minimize them
question
preventive life guarding
answer
most time will be spent on trying to make sure emergencies don't happen
question
what are some examples of life- threatening injures
answer
submersion (nonfatal/drowning). injuries to the head, neck or back (spiral injuries), unconsciousness. breathing emergencies, cardiac emergencies, severe bleeding
question
what are the most two serious aquatic emergencies to prevent
answer
drowning and head,neck and back injuries
question
Drowning
answer
happens when a person suffocates in the water
question
How are patrons informed of a potential injury at an aquatic facility
answer
Rules and regulations
question
Rules and regulations
answer
Lifeguards need to understand the rules and regulations of the facility where they work, rules do not keep patron from having fun, but are for every ones health and safety
question
when are safety checks conducted
answer
before opening the facility, during daily operations,at closing
question
what to do if you find an unsafe condition
answer
correct it if possible before the facility opens, if you cannot correct the problem, tell the LG supervisor immediately
question
While you are conducting a safety check, you find a large crack on the pool deck near the deep end. you should-
answer
close off the area and tell the lifeguard supervisor right away
question
Weather conditions
answer
Lightning and thunderstorms happen more often in the summer.
question
what should lifeguards do in the event of a thunder and lightning
answer
clear everyone from the water at the first sound of thunder or first sight of lighting.
question
Patron surveillance
answer
a lifeguards primary responsibility is to ensure patron safety and protect lives.
question
what is the primary tool to accomplish that function is patron surveillance -
answer
keeping a close watch over people in the facility, you will spend most of your time on patron surveillance, you must be alert and attentive at all times
question
what is the RID factor
answer
most drownings at supervised swim areas happen when neither lifeguards nor patrons notice that a victim had slipped below the surface
question
RID stands for
answer
Recognition Instructive Distraction
question
EAP(s)stands for
answer
Emergency action plans
question
What are EAP(s)
answer
detailed plans describing everyone's responsibilities in an emergency and should be in the facility policies and procedures manual
question
When should EAP be practiced
answer
Regularly during orientation and in- service training sessions.
question
What are 4 signals that would help you recognize an emergency?
answer
Unusual sighs, unusual odors, unusual behaviors, and unusual noises
question
If someone does not give consent, what do you do?
answer
Call 9-1-1
question
What are situations in which you would call 9-1-1?
answer
No signs of life, no breathing, unconsciousness, seizures, apparent poisoning, injured arm with bone showing through the skin, deep burn on face, trouble breathing, and severe bleeding that does not stop.
question
What are situations in which you would move a victim?
answer
When the scene is unsafe, and when someone else is more injured and you need to get to that other person
question
What are ways you could minimize disease transmission?
answer
Avoid touching, breathing, and biting the person
question
What are steps you would talk in checking a conscious person?
answer
Check the scene, obtain consent, call 911, as the person what's their name, what happened, any allergies, where is the pain, any medical conditions, and is there any medications they take?
question
What would you do if someone was in shock?
answer
Call 911, have the person lie down, and control and external bleeding
question
What is the best way to check to see if a person is unconscious?
answer
Ask them, "Are you okay, are you okay?"
question
What is the most important step to take in an emergency situation?
answer
Call 911
question
What are the signs of troubled breathing?
answer
Slow or rapid breathing,, usually deep or shallow breathing, gasping for breath, unusually moist or cool skin, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and apprehensive or fearful feelings.
question
What care should you give to a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough, speak, or breathe?
answer
Abdominal back thrusts and back blows
question
How long do you check for signs of life?
answer
10 seconds
question
How long should one rescue breathe be?
answer
1 second
question
What are the signs of a heart attack?
answer
Trouble breathing, chest pain, loss of consciousness, discomfort, and nausea
question
How many cycles of CPR should be preformed in 2 minutes on an adult?
answer
5 cycles
question
What is one cycle of compressions and breaths in CPR for an adult?
answer
30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths
question
Why is early CPR an important link in the cardiac chain of survival?
answer
It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or emergency medical personnel arrives.
question
Why should you stop giving CPR?
answer
If the scene becomes unsafe, you find a sign of life, AED is ready to use, you are too exhausted to continue, or another trained responder takes over.
question
What are the steps in treating a burn?
answer
Check the scene for safety, stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn, check for life threatening conditions, cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water, cover the burn loosely, with a sterile dressing, prevent infection, take steps to minimize shock, keep the person from getting chilled or overheated, comfort and reassure the person.
question
How should a splint be applied?
answer
Around the injury, top and bottom, check for skin discoloration and circulation
question
How do you care for a person who is having a seizure?
answer
You call 911 and try to calm them down
question
What is a stroke?
answer
Blood clot to the brain
question
What is a diabetic emergency?
answer
When diabetics have too much sugar or don't have enough and need sugar.
question
What is a open fracture?
answer
Bone sticking out of skin
question
What do you do for someone suffering from heat exhaustion?
answer
Give them cool water, elevate them, call 911, take off their clothes, and get a fan on them.
question
What are the stages of heat exhaustion from least to most severe?
answer
Cramps, exhaustion, and heat stroke
question
How should you care for someone with frostbite?
answer
Keep the blood flowing, get cold wet clothes, anything wet off of them.
question
What are the steps in caring for a bleeding wound?
answer
Apply pressure, wrap around the wound
question
What are the signs for internal bleeding?
answer
Can taste iron, red / blue skin, tender, swollen or bruised skin, vomiting, or coughing blood.
question
What does FAST stand for?
answer
Face, arm, speech, and time.
question
What do you do when someone who is allergic is stung by a bee?
answer
Call 911
question
If you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned who do you call?
answer
Poison control center
question
Characterisitcs of a Professional Lifeguard. Lifeguards must be...
answer
knowledgable with appropriate skills, reliable, mature, couteous and consistent, positive, and professional.
question
How to stay healthy and fit.
answer
exercise, eat and hydrate properly, rest adequately, use sun protection, and refrain from using alcohol and other drugs.
question
Overexposure to the sun can cause...
answer
sunburn, skin cancer, dehydration, heat exaustion, and heat stroke.
question
Dehydration
answer
When a person loses more fluids than he/she consumes.
question
Primary Responsibilities
answer
Preventing injuries, enforcing rules, recognizing and responding quickly to emergencies, administering first aid and CPR, and informing others when help is needed.
question
Secondary Responsibilities
answer
Filling out records and reports, maintenance, and inspecting the facility.
question
Job Description
answer
Responsible for ensuring the safety of facility patrons by preventing and responding to emergencies.
question
FIND - F
answer
Figure out the problem
question
FIND - I
answer
Identify possible solutions
question
FIND - N
answer
Name the pros and cons for each solution
question
FIND - D
answer
Decide which solution is best
question
When is the FIND model used?
answer
When making a desicion, but never in emergencies.
question
Duty to act
answer
Your legal responsibility to do something in the case of an emergency
question
Standard of care
answer
Communication to help prevent injuries, victim recognition, rescue attempts, and emergency care according to level of training.
question
Negligence
answer
Failure in following standard of care by failing to provide care, providing too much care (outside of your scope of training), providing innapropriate care, or failing to prevent problems.
question
Good Samaritan Laws
answer
Protection for people who help someone within their scope of training and w/o negligence while not being paid. Good people, do good things!
question
What are 4 signals that would help you recognize an emergency?
answer
Unusual sighs, unusual odors, unusual behaviors, and unusual noises
question
If someone does not give consent, what do you do?
answer
Call 9-1-1
question
What are situations in which you would call 9-1-1?
answer
No signs of life, no breathing, unconsciousness, seizures, apparent poisoning, injured arm with bone showing through the skin, deep burn on face, trouble breathing, and severe bleeding that does not stop.
question
What are situations in which you would move a victim?
answer
When the scene is unsafe, and when someone else is more injured and you need to get to that other person
question
What are ways you could minimize disease transmission?
answer
Avoid touching, breathing, and biting the person
question
What are steps you would talk in checking a conscious person?
answer
Check the scene, obtain consent, call 911, as the person what's their name, what happened, any allergies, where is the pain, any medical conditions, and is there any medications they take?
question
What would you do if someone was in shock?
answer
Call 911, have the person lie down, and control and external bleeding
question
What is the best way to check to see if a person is unconscious?
answer
Ask them, "Are you okay, are you okay?"
question
What is the most important step to take in an emergency situation?
answer
Call 911
question
What are the signs of troubled breathing?
answer
Slow or rapid breathing,, usually deep or shallow breathing, gasping for breath, unusually moist or cool skin, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and apprehensive or fearful feelings.
question
What care should you give to a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough, speak, or breathe?
answer
Abdominal back thrusts and back blows
question
What are the signs of a heart attack?
answer
Trouble breathing, chest pain, loss of consciousness, discomfort, and nausea
question
Why is early CPR an important link in the cardiac chain of survival?
answer
It helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or emergency medical personnel arrives.
question
Why should you stop giving CPR?
answer
If the scene becomes unsafe, you find a sign of life, AED is ready to use, you are too exhausted to continue, or another trained responder takes over.
question
What are the steps in treating a burn?
answer
Check the scene for safety, stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn, check for life threatening conditions, cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water, cover the burn loosely, with a sterile dressing, prevent infection, take steps to minimize shock, keep the person from getting chilled or overheated, comfort and reassure the person.
question
How should a splint be applied?
answer
Around the injury, top and bottom, check for skin discoloration and circulation
question
How do you care for a person who is having a seizure?
answer
You call 911 and try to calm them down
question
What is a stroke?
answer
Blood clot to the brain
question
What is a diabetic emergency?
answer
When diabetics have too much sugar or don't have enough and need sugar.
question
What is a open fracture?
answer
Bone sticking out of skin
question
What do you do for someone suffering from heat exhaustion?
answer
Give them cool water, elevate them, call 911, take off their clothes, and get a fan on them.
question
What are the stages of heat exhaustion from least to most severe?
answer
Cramps, exhaustion, and heat stroke
question
How should you care for someone with frostbite?
answer
Keep the blood flowing, get cold wet clothes, anything wet off of them.
question
What are the steps in caring for a bleeding wound?
answer
Apply pressure, wrap around the wound
question
What are the signs for internal bleeding?
answer
Can taste iron, red / blue skin, tender, swollen or bruised skin, vomiting, or coughing blood.
question
What does FAST stand for?
answer
Face, arm, speech, and time.
question
What do you do when someone who is allergic is stung by a bee?
answer
Call 911
question
If you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned who do you call?
answer
Poison control center
question
victim shows signs of life, EMS arrives, AED arrives and is switched on, you are too exhausted, scene become unsafe
answer
when should you stop CPR/giving care?
question
Check, call, care
answer
3 C's
question
Victim might go into surgery
answer
why should you not give your victim food ever?
question
Adult-head to toe, Child-toe to head
answer
how do you check a adult that's conscious, or a child?
question
10
answer
for every one minute care is delayed, your victim loses ____% chance of survival
question
shows signs of restlessness, vomiting, pale complexion, irregular breathing, half-conscious
answer
how do you know if your victim is in shock?
question
thirst for water
answer
what will the victim do in shock that is most important to check for? (Hint: *food*)
question
Head tilt, chin lift
answer
what to do after rolling victim face up
question
tap and shout
answer
what to do if you see a victim that seems to be unconscious? *before CPR*
question
1 second, make chest clearly rise
answer
how long should one breath be, and what should it do to your victim?
question
call 911
answer
if your victim is having cardiac arrest, what do you do first?
question
when your heart stops beating entirely
answer
definition of cardiac arrest
question
early recognition, early CPR, early defibrillation, early EMS care
answer
4 Early's
question
encourage further coughs
answer
if victim is coughing for choking, _____the victim to do _____?
question
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
answer
what to do to a choking victim if conscious
question
find navel, fist right above navel
answer
where do you thrust, and where does your fist go?
question
remove barrier, 30 chest compressions
answer
if two breaths and two others don't go in on an unconscious adult, what do you do?
question
airway, breathing, circulation
answer
what are the ABC's
question
upper right, lower left
answer
where do the AED pads go? think for them- left right difference....
question
turn on
answer
what to do if AED is nearby *First*
question
CPR (definition)
answer
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
question
Automatic External Defibrillator
answer
AED's meaning
question
bare dry skin
answer
where do the pads of AED have to go? (*Hint*: skin)
question
break ribs
answer
what is an *effective* chest compression do?
question
rolling into recovery
answer
how do you check a conscious victim
question
EAP
answer
Emergency Action Plan
question
HAINES Recovery Position
answer
High Arm in Endangered Spine
question
EMS
answer
Emergency Medical Services
question
ENAMES
answer
-Environmental Hazards
-Number of Victims
-Additional Resources
-Mechanism of Injury
-Extrication
-Spinal Precautions
-Signs and Symptoms
-Age/Allergies
-Medication
-Past Medical History
-Last oral intake
-Events Proceeding
-(Drugs/Diseases)
question
Obstructed Airway
answer
• 30 Compressions
• Check for objects
• 2 Breaths
question
CPR (act of)
answer
• 30 compressions (up to 2.5 in. for adult, 2in. for kids, 1.5in. for infants)
• 2 Breaths
question
Types of Rescues and Assists
answer
-Simple Assist
-Reaching Assist
-Active Front Rescue
-Active Rear Rescue
-Passive Rear Rescue
-Submerged Shallow/Deep Water
question
4 Things to help ensure victim survival
answer
Early Recognition/Response, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation, Early EMS Arrival
question
Cardiac Arrest
answer
failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
question
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)
answer
abnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles
question
Ventricular tachycardia
answer
abnormal heart rhythm in which the heart contracts too rapidly
question
Hepatitis C
answer
a liver disease that is the common bloodborne infection in the United States
question
2 Person CPR Ratios
answer
Adult: still 30:2
Child or Infant: 15:2
question
Secondary Assessment Mnemonic
answer
S~signs and symptoms
A~allergies
M~medications
P~pertinent Past Medical Information
L~last Oral Intake
E~events leading up to incident
question
Signs and Symptoms
answer
What happened?
Do you feel any pain or discomfort? Where?
Do you have any numbness? Where?
question
Allergies
answer
Are you allergic to any foods or medications? What is your reaction?
question
Medications
answer
Do you have any conditions you are medicated for? What are the medications? What are the conditions?
What medications have you taken in the past 12 hours?
question
Pertinent Past Medical Information
answer
Have you had any recent falls, accidents, or blows to the head?
Have you had any recent medical, surgical, or trauma incidents?
question
Last Oral Intake
answer
What was the last thing you had to eat? When?
What was the last thing you had to drink? When?
question
Events Leading Up to the Incident
answer
What were you doing before this happened?
What were you doing when this happened?
question
Infant and Child CPR
answer
1 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths
2 Rescuer- 15 compressions per 1 breath
question
Adult CPR
answer
1 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths
2 Rescuer- 30 compressions per 2 breaths
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