emphasis on high-quality CPR compression rate of at least ___ per minute.
answer
100
question
depth of compressions for children to adult
answer
2 inches
question
depth of compression for infants
answer
1/3 of anterior/posterior diameter of chest. 1 1/2"
question
compressions should be started what time limit?
answer
10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
question
what are the signs of cardiac arrest?
answer
victim is unresponsive/not breathing/ineffective breathing
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time frame to start cpr once suspect of cardia arrest?
answer
10 seconds.
question
you should take no longer than___ seconds to check for a _______.
answer
10, pulse
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what is the first rescuer to do upon arriving at the scene?
answer
check for safety.
question
lone rescuer compression-ventilation ratio of _________ to ___________.
answer
30 compressions to 2 ventilations
question
explain hand placement for chest compressions
answer
the heel of on hand should be placed on the center of the chest on the lower half of the breastbone.
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when compressions are of the appropriate depth it creates___ ____ to the body.
answer
blood flow
question
_____ allows the heart to refill with blood and is necessary for chest compressions to create blood flow
answer
chest recoil
question
do not move the victim while CPR is in progress unless the victim is in a ________ ________.
answer
dangerous environment
question
the ____ ______ ventilation technique is not recommended for a lone rescuer during CPR
answer
bag mask
question
avoiding excessive ventilation also avoids _____ _____.
answer
gastric inflation
question
during 2 rescuer adult CPR, rescuers switch duties after __ cycles. (or 2 minutes)
answer
5
question
the second rescuer's' job is to _________ an open airway and to five _____.
answer
maintain, breaths
question
what is the first step when using an AED after the victim is secured?
answer
turn it on.
question
the AED will _____ shock, charges itself, prompts that everyone is clear and prompts rescuers to press ___ _____ ____.
answer
advise, the shock button
question
resucers immediately resume CPR with chest compression if ___ ___ _ ___ or after a shock is delivered.
answer
no shock is needed
question
compression-to-breaths ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR is __ compression to __ breaths.
answer
15:2
question
compression to breath ratio for lone rescuer child CPR is __ compressions to __ breaths.
answer
30:2
question
an infant;s central pulse (located at the brachial artery) you must palpate the ___ of the upper arm between the ___ and the ____.
answer
inside, elbow, shoulder
question
depth of compression for the infant is ___the depth of chest or ___ inches. or __cm.
answer
1/3, 1 1/2", or 4cm
question
what compression technique should be used for 2 rescuer infant CPR?
answer
2 thumb compressions with hands encircling chest
question
effective rescue breathing is assessed by
answer
watching the chest rise
question
use an AED with adult pads for a child and infant if __ ___ ___ or ___ ____are available
answer
no child pads, pediatric atenuator
question
when an advanced airway is in place the rescuers continue compressions at ___ per minute _____ pauses. breaths are given every ___ to ___ seconds or ___ to ___ breaths per minute.
answer
100,without. 6,8, 8,10
question
in order to five mouth to mouth breaths the rescuer should ___ airway, ___ mouth over victims mouth, ___ victims nose closed and delivers 2 breaths watching for the chest to ___.
answer
open, seal , pinch,rise
question
when victim has a pulse but is not breathing effectively, than give __ ___ with___ chest compressions.
answer
two breaths, out
question
adults require ___ breath every ___ to ___ seconds while infants and children require __ breath every __ to ___ seconds for rescue breathing.
answer
1,5,6,1,3,5
question
infants and children who do not have effective breathing and a pulse <60/min. show signs of poor perfusion. start ___ and ______ immediately.
answer
compression, ventillation
question
if a choking victim becomes unresponsive______ the ____ _____ _____ and begin with ____ ____ do ___ check for a ____.
adults/children/infants who exhibit no signs of effective breathing and no pulse need ___ immediately.
answer
CPR
question
choking infants give ___ ____ slaps, and ___ chest ____.
answer
5 back,5 thrusts.
question
after AED shocks, _____ begin ____ ________.
answer
immediately, chest compressions
question
they're unresponsive, with no neck injury, you want to open air way by ____ head with ___ ____ method
answer
tilting, chin lift
question
explain the ADULT chain of survival
answer
recognition: of cardiac arrest
activation: of emergency response system
CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation w/emphasis on chest compressions
defribrillation: rapid
advanced life support: ambulance etc.
post-cardiac arrest care
question
explain the pediatric chain of survival
answer
prevention: of arrest
bystander CPR: early high quality bystander CPR
activation: rapid activation of the EMS
advanced life support: abulance etc.
post-cardiac arrest care
question
6 steps of critical concepts
answer
start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
push hard and fast: compress at rate of 100/min.
depth of at least 2" (5cm) for child/adult 1 1/2 (4cm) for infants
allow complete chest recoil
limit compression interruptions to less than 10 seconds
question
explain sequence
answer
chest compression
airway
breathing
C-A-B
question
explain the continued de-emphasis of the pulse check
answer
if the victim is unresponsive, not breathing, or only gasping, healthcare providers may take up to 10 seconds to attempt to feel for a pulse (brachial for infant, carotid or femoral for child)
then if you don't find it start chest compressions
question
AED for infants
answer
not recommended. use manual defribulator. if one not available use AED pediatric dose attenuator, otherwise use AED without pediatric as last resort.
assess: palpate carotid
activate: EMS, get AED
check pulse
10 sec. rule: C-A-B sequence
question
chest compression technique
answer
put heel of one hand on the center of the victim's chest on the lower half of the breastbone
question
deliver compressions at a rate of
answer
100/min.
question
chest recoils allows for what function?
answer
blood to flow into the heart and is necessary for chest compressions to create blood flow. these compressions recoils should be equal
question
try to place victim onto a _____ surface if it is safe to move him
answer
hard
question
moving victim only when necessary like if they are
answer
in a dangerous environment ( such as burning vehicle)
if you can not perform CPR effectively in the position or location he is currently in
question
mouth to mask breaths
answer
lone rescuer is at the victims side to perform compressions and breath. tilt chin lift deliver breath for over 1 second until chest rises
30:2 x 5 cycles
question
bag mask device
answer
not recommended by lone rescuer.
question
duties for 2 rescuer
answer
rescuer 1: at victims side 30:2 compressions
rescuer 2: maintain open airways
head tilt-chin lift
jaw thrust
give breaths watching for chest to rise avoiding excessive ventilation
switch duties every 5 cycles or about 2 min.
question
AED
answer
step 1. power on the AED
2. attach
3. "clear" analyze
4. shock if AED advises it
5. if no shock is needed IMMEDIATELY resume CPR compressions
6. after 5 cycles / 2 min. of CPR
repeat process when advised
question
child BLS
answer
the lone rescuer should use the universal compression-ventilllation ratio of 30:2
question
2 rescuer child BLS
answer
compression to breath ratio 15:2
question
infant/child
answer
one rescuer: 30:2 two rescuer: 15:2
question
infant child steps of action
answer
place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, between the infant's elbow and shoulder
press the index and middle fingers gently on the inside of the upper arm for at least 5-10 sec.
single rescuer 30:2 x 5 cycles 2 fingers centered below the nipple line. compressions of 4cm (1 1/2" deep) 100/min.
if pulse <60
question
infant BLS : 2 thumb encircling technique
answer
this is a 2 rescuer chest compression for infants on lower half of the breast bone. 15:2 use head-tilt chin lift method
switch roles every 2 minutes or 5 cycles.
question
advanced airway
answer
compressions 100/min without pauses for breaths
1 breath every 6-8 seconds 8-10 breath/min. no breaks on chest compressions!
question
breaths to quickly or too much force can cause
answer
air to enter the stomach causing gastric inflation
question
what method of air if no bag is available for child CPR
answer
mouth to mouth and nose head tilt-chin lift keep the airway open.
question
what method is used when a victim has a pulse but not breathing
answer
rescuers should give breaths without compressions
adults: every 5-6 seconds:10-12/min.
infants and children: every 3-5 seconds 12-20/min.
question
choking victim
answer
activate EMS
lower the victim to the ground begin CPR starting with compressions.C-A-B sequence.
DO NOT CHECK FOR PULSE.
check airway for object.
question
choking in a RESPONSIVE infant
answer
kneel or sit with infant in your lap.lay across your forearm faced down 5 back slaps flip faced up and do 5 chest compressions
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