Civil Rights

3 October 2022
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87 test answers

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Why did Major League Baseball owners support segregation by 1890?
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They feared that white audiences would not pay to watch African American players.
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What strategy did the NAACP use to try to end segregation?
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arguing legal cases in court
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An NAACP member who became a Supreme Court justice was
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Thurgood Marshall.
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The overall purpose of the NAACP is to
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fight for the civil rights of African Americans.
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Which statement best describes how Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson affected American culture?
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They showed the country that integration could be successful.
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In this period of power politics, nothing counts but pressure, and still more pressure, through the tactic and strategy of broad, organized, aggressive mass action behind the vital and important issues of the Negro.
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organizing to pressure politicians.
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Who worked against Truman's efforts to desegregate the military?
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Southern Democrats
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Segregation in the US armed forces was required by
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Congress.
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Jackie Robinson's success in Major League Baseball encouraged white Americans to
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change their views about minorities.
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What was one effect of Jackie Robinson's joining Major League Baseball?
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Other minorities began to play professional baseball.
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Brown v. Board of Education was argued before the Supreme Court by
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Thurgood Marshall.
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Which best describes how the Supreme Court voted in Brown v. Board of Education?
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The court voted to end segregation.
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Which best describes how the Supreme Court plan for desegregation was implemented?
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It was slow and difficult.
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The governor of Arkansas who used National Guard troops to fight integration at Central High School in Little Rock was
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Orval Faubus.
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In his arguments in Brown v. Board of Education, the lawyer for Linda Brown claimed that "separate but equal" public schools were
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separate but not truly equal.
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Why did Thurgood Marshall cite the Fourteenth Amendment to argue that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional?
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The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law.
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An argument made by Thurgood Marshall that helped shape the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that
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separate facilities are unequal and make African American children feel inferior.
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The ruling in Brown v. Board of Education did not immediately end segregation in public schools because
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the Supreme Court did not offer a new policy.
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Which encouraged the NAACP to become involved with Reverend Oliver Brown's lawsuit against a board of education in Kansas?
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the Supreme Court's decision in McLaurin v. Oklahoma
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Who declared that organized resistance by Southern states would prevent racial integration in the South?
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Harry Flood Byrd
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A leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott who also became the spokesperson for nonviolent protest by African Americans was
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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A direct result of Rosa Park's refusal to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955 was
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the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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The philosophies of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. are best described as
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drastically different.
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One of the guiding principles of the Nation of Islam was
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gaining economic power for African Americans.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was based on the principle of
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nonviolent resistance.
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Which leader joined the Nation of Islam while in jail and then brought many African Americans into the movement?
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Malcolm X
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Which best describes the actions of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee?
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organizing the March on Washington
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An African American organization founded in Detroit in 1930 was
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the Nation of Islam.
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The actions of four African American college students at a lunch counter in 1960 started a
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sit-in movement.
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A group that oversaw the Montgomery Bus Boycott and produced important civil rights leaders was
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the Montgomery Improvement Association.
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Which best describes the response of authorities in Birmingham, Alabama, to civil rights protests in the 1960s?
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They sometimes used violence to resist the protests.
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How were the initial sit-ins during the Birmingham Campaign of 1963 received?
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Many people paid little attention to them.
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What did Martin Luther King Jr. do as a call for action in Birmingham in 1963?
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He wrote a letter describing the violence African Americans faced.
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Which occurred after James Meredith won the right to legally attend the University of Mississippi?
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The governor and university officials blocked him from enrolling.
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Eugene "Bull" Connor, the commissioner of public safety in Birmingham in the 1960s,
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led a violent crackdown on civil rights protests.
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What role did the media play during the Birmingham protests?
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The media informed the rest of the country.
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During the Children's Crusade in Birmingham in May of 1963,
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the police used fire hoses on protesters.
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Which best explains why many African Americans had not registered to vote by the 1960s?
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They were intimidated by violent threats and actions.
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The main goal of the Freedom Summer campaign was
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registering African Americans to vote.
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Why did Governor Wallace resist enrolling African Americans in the University of Alabama?
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He thought integration was a states' rights issue.
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The Civil Rights Act that passed in 1964
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was stronger than the first draft of the act.
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Which provisions did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 include?
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new enforcement tools for federal laws
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Which event occurred in August of 1963?
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the March on Washington
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How did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 stop discrimination in areas where voter eligibility tests were previously used?
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It required federal supervision.
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A result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was that
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as African American registration increased, the number of African Americans elected increased.
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An important effect of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was that
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it raised awareness of civil rights through TV coverage.
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During the first Selma voting rights march on March 7, 1965,
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marchers were attacked by police as they crossed a bridge.
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How was African American voter registration affected by the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
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It increased significantly.
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Literacy tests were banned by
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the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
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What does the table show about how Congress voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1957? Check all that apply.
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More Democrats than Republicans opposed the bill. The majority of both parties voted in favor of the bill. All Senate Republicans voted in favor of the bill.
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According to the votes shown in the table, who opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
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residents of Southern states
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Which leader of the SNCC promoted Black Power?
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Stokely Carmichael
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After Huey Newton went to jail in 1967, the Black Panther Party
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promoted the use of violence as an option
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Which ideas did members of the Nation of Islam support?
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black nationalism
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A cause of frustration about racism in the United States during the 1960s was that
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segregation continued despite the passage of laws to eliminate it.
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How did the Black Power movement change the civil rights movement?
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It discouraged alliances with supportive and sympathetic whites.
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Malcolm X was assassinated by members of the
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Nation of Islam.
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Which statement best illustrates a philosophical change in the civil rights movement during the 1960s?
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Malcolm X parted ways with the Nation of Islam.
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Which event signaled a directional change for the SNCC?
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the rise of Stokely Carmichael to leader of the SNCC in 1966
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A leader who believed that Islam could unify people of different races was
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Malcolm X.
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The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and
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Bobby Seale.
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The occupation of Alcatraz in 1969 finally ended when
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government officers removed the protestors.
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In 1882, a US law prohibited all immigration from
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China.
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The Agricultural Labor Relations Act helped farm workers gain
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collective bargaining rights.
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Which statement best describes the grape boycott that began in 1965?
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It was a long-lived effort that helped migrant workers a great deal.
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One activist who worked with government officials in the 1960s to help farm workers was
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Dolores Huerta.
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The internment of Japanese Americans resulted in
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forced relocation.
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Before becoming a leader for farm workers' rights, Cesar Chavez was
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a community organizer.
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Why was Wounded Knee, South Dakota, an important place for American Indians?
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It was the site of a massacre by US troops in 1890.
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The occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973 was led by
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Russell Means.
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Which phrase best describes Cesar Chavez?
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a cofounder of the United Farm Workers
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Which is a true statement about the Freedom Summer campaign?
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It was met with violence by white protesters.
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As a result of the "Gentleman's Agreement" of 1907,
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Japanese children of Asian descent went to school with white children.
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Who urged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act as part of his vision for a "Great Society"?
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Which best describes how the Montgomery Bus Boycott affected the civil rights movement?
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The boycott started a massive nonviolent movement.
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Which best describes the NAACP's strategy for ending segregation in public schools?
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The NAACP challenged segregation by filing lawsuits in several states.
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Which statement best supports the idea that significant anger over racism existed in the US during the 1960s?
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Race riots took place all over the country.
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Which best describes how civil rights workers were treated during the Freedom Summer campaign?
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Some workers were arrested or killed.
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The cases Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents expanded
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the right to equal education.
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Branch Rickey was
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a white general manager who opposed segregation in baseball.
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How did the leadership of Cesar Chavez affect the United Farm Workers Union in the 1960s?
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It led the UFW to use only nonviolent protest to achieve its goals.
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A reason for the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was
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that the bus companies lost business.
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Although Brown v. Board of Education established that the segregation of schools was unconstitutional,
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many white Southerners strongly resisted integration.
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Why did President Truman issue Executive Order 9981 in 1948?
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to integrate the armed forces
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Which best describes the reaction in the South to Brown v. Board of Education?
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The South resisted integration for years by staging protests and fighting desegregation in court.
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Civil rights leaders wanted a strong federal law that would
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outlaw all discrimination on the basis of race.
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A reason for the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was
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that the bus companies lost business.