ScienceBiologyChapter 5.1
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Chapter 5.1

Finnian Jackson avatar Finnian Jackson
25 July 2022
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A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another is referred to as
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a redox reaction.
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During an oxidation reaction,
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the donor molecule loses an electron and becomes oxidized.
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Why is reduction the term used to describe the gain of an electron?
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The electron acceptor's net charge decreases.
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Which of the following statements regarding redox reactions is true?
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Redox reactions involve an oxidation reaction coupled with a reduction reaction.
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In metabolism, energy that is not used
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is given off as heat.
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The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds is called
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anabolism.
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Where does the energy required for anabolic reactions come from?
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Catabolic reactions
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The use of amino acids to make proteins
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is an example of anabolism.
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Why do all enzymatic reactions need activation energy?
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Energy is required to disrupt a substrate's stable electron configuration.
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How does a competitive inhibitor slow enzyme catalysis?
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They compete with the substrate for the enzyme's active site.
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What enables competitive inhibitors to bind to a specific enzyme?
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Competitive inhibitors have structures that resemble the enzyme's substrate.
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If high amounts of sulfanilamide are in the presence of an enzyme whose substrate is PABA, what outcome is expected?
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The enzyme will stop functioning.
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Which of the following statements regarding competitive inhibitors is true?
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Competitive inhibitors decrease the rate of enzyme activity.
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How does a noncompetitive inhibitor reduce an enzyme's activity?
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The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site.
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What would be the likely outcome if you increased the concentration of substrate for an enzyme in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor?
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No change in enzyme activity would be observed.
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How is nevirapine used to treat HIV infections?
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It alters the active site of reverse transcriptase, decreasing that enzyme's activity.
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Why is ATP required for glycolysis?
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ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules.
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Glycolysis literally means
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sugar splitting.
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How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?
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2
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What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis?
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pyruvic acid
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Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?
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Glycolysis is also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
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Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
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It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state.
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What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?
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It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+.
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What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation?
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It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons.
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Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation?
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Lactic acid and propionic acid
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What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation?
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Acetaldehyde
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What occurs at the bridge step?
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Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
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Based on the animation, how many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only?
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Four
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What is the function of GTP?
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An energy carrier
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What is the fate of metabolites during respiration?
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They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water.
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Chemiosmosis uses __________ to supply the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
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proton gradient