Chapter 29

24 July 2022
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question
What is a characteristic shared by algae and seed plants?
answer
chloroplasts Both algae and seed plants have cells with chloroplasts.
question
The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.
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charophytes These green algae and plants share many homologous features.
question
In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into __________.
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a sporophyte The fertilized egg will develop into a sporophyte that releases haploid spores.
question
Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.
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lack true leaves and roots The bryophytes generally lack true leaves and roots, which all other plants have.
question
In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____.
answer
mitosis ... mitosis In both, gametes are produced by haploid gametophytes.
question
Where do fern antheridia develop?
answer
on the underside of the gametophyte Haploid antheridia in ferns develop on the underside of mature haploid gametophytes.
question
The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.
answer
diploid sporophyte In ferns, while the gametophyte generation is independent, the diploid sporophyte is much larger.
question
What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?
answer
lignified vascular tissue The polymer lignin strengthens the xylem and phloem, giving the plant more support and allowing it to grow taller.
question
Seedless plants include _____.
answer
bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails Seedless plants include nonvascular plants, such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, and vascular plants, such as lycophytes, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns.
question
The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.
answer
produces spores The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always produces spores.
question
Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to the life cycle of mosses?
answer
Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
question
In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____.
answer
sporophyte The diploid sporophyte generation is dominant in vascular plants; in bryophytes the haploid gametophyte generation is dominant.
question
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Investigation of its anatomy and life cycle shows the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte, and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________.
answer
ferns
question
Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?
answer
the presence of chloroplasts
question
In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?
answer
haploid spores
question
Select the correct statement about the life cycle of a fern. Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies. Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores. In ferns, meiosis results in the formation of egg and sperm cells.
answer
Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies. Plant gametophytes vary in size, but they are haploid and multicellular in all plant life cycles. Look for plant gametophytes in the basic sexual life cycle of plants and in the life cycles of nonvascular and seedless vascular plants.