Chapter 29

Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants?

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

Which of the following traits was most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land?

Seedless plants include _____

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?

Spores and seeds have basically the same function-dispersal-but are vastly different because _____

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____.

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?

Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to successfully colonize land? 1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores) 2. the relative number of competitors 3. the relative availability of symbiotic partners 4. air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support

Stomata _____.

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into _____.

liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.

Which of these are spore-producing structures?

How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike?

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____.

In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____.

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____.

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous?

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to _____.

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they were not), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive. 1. embryophytes 2. green plants 3. seedless vascular plants 4. ferns 5. tracheophytes

Besides oil, what other chemical should be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?

What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?

Upon closer inspection of the leaves of "flower of stone," one can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes. Further investigation also reveals that the roots of "flower of stone" branch only at the growing tip of the root, forming a Y-shaped structure. Consequently, "flower of stone" should be expected to possess which other characteristics? 1. a gametophyte generation that is dominant 2. lignified vascular tissues 3. microphylls 4. filamentous rhizoids, but not true roots 5. spores that are diploid when mature

In which combination of locations would one who is searching for the gametophytes of "flower of stone" have the best chance of finding them? 1. moist soil 2. underground, nourished there by symbiotic fungi 3. south- or west-facing slopes 4. permanently shady places 5. far from any flower of stone sporophytes Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human _____.

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes.