Chapter 29

The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes. A)flavonoid B)gametangia C)stomata D)apical meristem E)cuticle

The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in __________. A)club mosses B)horsetails C)seed plants D)ferns E)mosses

The embryophytes are __________. A)the structures of a moss that produce and house eggs B)the haploid stage in plant alternation of generations C)a protist group that possesses some of the reproductive traits of plants D)the land plants E)the masses of one-cell-thick filaments through which moss spores absorb water and minerals

What characteristic of Sphagnum peatlands is responsible for their ability to inhibit decomposition? A)Low oxygen B)All of the listed characteristics inhibit decomposition. C)Phenolic compounds produced by Sphagnum D)Low temperature E)Low pH

In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges? A)All of the listed responses are correct. B)Less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans C)Competition from other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria D)Desiccation E)Many herbivores on land

The antheridia of mosses produce __________. A)sperm B)leaves C)spores D)buds E)eggs

What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls? A)They are modified leaves that have sporangia. B)They allow plants to grow taller. C)They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. D)They increase the surface area for photosynthesis. E)They provide a way to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant's body.

A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has __________. A)apical meristems B)vascular tissue C)alternation of generations D)gametophytes E)sporophytes

Which of the following is a genus in the phylum Monilophyta? A)Sphagnum B)Selaginella C)Equisetum D)Isoetes E)Marchantia

How are gametes produced by bryophytes? A)By meiosis of sporophyte cells B)By mitosis of gametophyte cells C)By meiosis of gametophyte cells D)By meiosis of spores E)By mitosis of spores

Fern gametophytes are __________. A)part of the asexual life cycle B)photosynthetic diploid organisms C)found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds) D)free-living, multicellular organisms E)produced from haploid gametes

Which of the following are traits shared by land plants and their closest relatives among the algae? A)Formation of a phragmoplast B)Structure of flagellated sperm C)All of the listed traits of land plants are present in their closest relatives among the algae. D)Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins in the plasma membrane E)All the listed traits evolved exclusively in land plants.

Alternation of generations in all land plants is between __________. A)a multicellular haploid organism and a single-celled diploid organism B)a multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism C)a single-celled haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism D)two anatomically distinct multicellular diploid organisms E)two anatomically distinct multicellular diploid organisms

During what period did seedless vascular plants form extensive forests of tall trees? A)Ordovician B)Silurian C)Carboniferous D)Permian E)Triassic

Where would you find a fern gametophyte? A)Inside a dissected seed B)Attached to the underground stem (rhizoids) C)On the underside of the leaf (frond) D)In a freshwater stream E)On moist soil

In what way do megasporangia differ from microsporangia? A)Microsporangia are the early developmental stages of megasporangia. B)Megasporagia produce spores that are protected by sporopollenin, whereas microsporangia produce naked spores. C)Megasporangia produce spores that develop into female gametophytes, whereas microsporangia produce spores that develop into male gametophytes. D)Megasporangia are possessed only by vascular plants, whereas microsporangia are present on all land plants. E)Megasporangia produce many times the number of spores produced by microsporangia.

Which of the following is a trait unique to land plants? A)Cellulose B)Multicellular structures for carrying out photosynthesis C)Chloroplasts D)All the listed traits are unique to land plants. E)Walled spores produced in sporangia

In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are __________. A)microphylls B)sporangia C)thalli D)blades E)megaphylls

What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A)Mitochondria B)Capsules C)Gametangia D)Cuticles E)Stomata

To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study __________. A)the archegonia B)both the archegonia and the sporangia C)the antheridia D)the sporangia E)both the antheridia and the archegonia

Water is brought into mosses primarily by __________. A)diffusion through all cells B)rhizoids C)leaves D)roots E)xylem

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of bryophytes? A)The gametophyte remains attached to and dependent on the sporophyte. B)Gametes are transported through mutualisms with animals. C)None of the listed statements is true of the life cycle of mosses. D)Reproduction is only asexual. E)A moist environment is required for sexual reproduction.

What is advantage is conferred to algae and plants that possess sporopollenin? A)Spores are protected by toxins that deter consumption. B)Asexual reproduction is possible. C)The haploid stage of the life cycle can be eliminated. D)Sexual reproduction can occur through the transfer of pollen. E)Reproductive cells are more resistant to desiccation.

Evidence suggests that land plants arose from within which protist lineage? A)Charophytes B)Cercozoans C)Ciliates D)Choanoflagellates E)Chlorophytes

Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? A)Plants are multicellular, whereas algae are unicellular. B)Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not. C)Plant cells have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not. D)Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos. E)Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants.

The tissue called phloem has what function in vascular plants? A)Absorption of water and minerals from the soil B)Bearing of sporangia C)Dispersal of spores D)Conduction of water and minerals E)Distribution of sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Typically, the upper part of a bryophyte capsule that contains the spores features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures known as the __________. A)protonema B)microphyll C)strobili D)seta E)peristome

The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs? A)It is a spermatophyte. B)It is a gamete. C)It is a gametophyte. D)It is a sporophyte. E)It is a spore.

Sori can be found in which of the following? A)Hornworts B)Pterophytes C)Mosses D)Charophyceans E)Liverworts

Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms? A)In other sexually reproducing organisms, the fusion of gametes forms a zygote before an embryo. B)In other sexually reproducing organisms, the haploid and diploid generations are both multicellular. C)In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular. D)In plants, only the haploid stage is multicellular. E)In plants, the haploid generation is always dependent on the diploid generation.

Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae? a)Plants and green algae are photosynthetic. b)The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b. c)Plants and green algae have chloroplasts.

Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes. a)Sporophytes are vascular, whereas gametophytes are nonvascular. b)Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid. c)Sporophytes are larger than gametophytes.

Select the correct statement about the life cycle of a fern. a)In ferns, meiosis results in the formation of egg and sperm cells. b)Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores. c)Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies.

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____. a)chrysophytes b)charophytes c)psilophytes d)bacillariophytes e)rhodophytes

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. a)is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage b)produces eggs and sperm c)develops from a spore d)is called the gametophyte e)produces spores

Which statement is true for all sexually reproducing plants and animals? a)The process of meiosis produces gametes. b)The process of meiosis produces diploid cells. c)The process of mitosis produces gametes. d)The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. e)The process of mitosis always produces diploid cells.

Which structures are haploid? Select all that apply. a)Gametophyte b)Zygote c)Sporophyte d)Spores e)Egg

Which of the following sets of statements is true? a)In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. b)In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. c)In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not. d)The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not. e)The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____. a)sporophyte of a liverwort b)gametophyte of a fern c)zygote of a green alga d)gametophyte of a moss

How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike? a)The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte. b)Plants in both groups have vascular tissue. c)Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves. d)In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.

In general, liverworts have a cuticle and pores. However, some species do not have pores. What would you predict concerning the cuticle of these species and why? a)The cuticle would be thinner than in those species with pores. b)The cuticle would be the same as in those species with pores. c)The cuticle would be thicker than in those species with pores.

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____. a)true leaves b)true roots c)sporangia d)microphylls

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____. a)have flagellated sperm b)have cones but no seeds c)lack true leaves and roots d)produce spores e)do not produce flowers

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____. a)antheridium b)spore c)gametophyte d)sporophyte e)archegonium

How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous? a)Its diploid sporophyte produces spores via meiosis. b)Male and female reproductive structures are located on separate plants. c)It has vascular tissue. d)It has multiple sporangia.

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive. 1. embryophytes 2. green plants 3. seedless vascular plants 4. ferns 5. tracheophytes a)2, 5, 1, 3, 4 b)2, 1, 5, 3, 4 c)1, 4, 2, 5, 3 d)1, 2, 5, 3, 4