Chapter 12 A&P Pt 1

25 July 2022
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Receptors are parts of the nervous system that allow it to:
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. → collect information.
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The nervous system controls the activity of muscles and glands. Muscles and glands can generate changes and are therefore called:
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→ effectors.
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Nerves and ganglia are structures found in the:
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→ peripheral nervous system.
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Which is not a general function of the nervous system?
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! Transporting materials throughout the body
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The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division.
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→ sensory
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Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?
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→ Transmits impulses from the viscera
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The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the ___________ division.
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→ somatic sensory
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The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _____________ division.
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→ somatic motor
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A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.
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! autonomic motor
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A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.
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→ visceral sensory
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Which is not characteristic of neurons?
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! High mitotic rate
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Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete:
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! a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.
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Which statement is consistent with the current understanding of neural tissue?
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→ Most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons.
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Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
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→ Soma
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Where are synaptic knobs located?
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! At the tips of telodendria
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The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the:
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. → perikaryon.
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What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength?
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→ Neurofibrils
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Fast axonal transport is:
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→ active (requires ATP) and can occur in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.
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Vesicles and glycoproteins required at the synapse are moved down a nerve fiber by _______ axonal transport.
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! fast
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Based on structure, the most common type of neuron is the _______ neuron.
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! multipolar
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Based on function, 99 percent of neurons are:
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→ interneurons.
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The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are:
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→ interneurons
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Which functional class of neurons lies entirely within the central nervous system?
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→ Interneurons
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A bipolar neurons has:
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→ one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.
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A mixed nerve refers to one that contains both:
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→ sensory and motor neurons. unipolar and bipolar neurons.
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In a mixed nerve:
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! some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.
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Most commonly, a synapse is made between a:
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→ presynaptic neuron's axon and a postsynaptic neuron's dendrite.
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When transmission occurs at a synapse, neurotransmitter is released by:
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! the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.
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Electrical synapses involve coupling of neurons by:
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→ gap junctions.
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Which statement accurately compares the transmission speed of the different types of synapses.
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! Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.
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Glial cells differ from neurons in that they:
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→ are smaller and capable of mitosis.
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What is the most abundant glial cell in the CNS?
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! Astrocyte
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The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the:
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→ ependymal cell.
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The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the:
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→ oligodendrocyte.
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The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the:
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! astrocyte.
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The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system is the:
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. → neurolemmocyte.
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The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the:
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→ microglial cell.
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The glial cell that protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia is the:
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! satellite cell.
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The glial cell with the responsibility of occupying the space left by dead or dying neurons is the:
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! astrocyte.
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The glial cell that provides structural support and organization to the CNS is the:
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! astrocyte.
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The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the:
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! astrocyte.
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What do all glial cells have in common?
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→ They assist neurons in their respective functions.
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The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to:
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! the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.
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Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?
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→ Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1 mm portion of a single axon.
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Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?
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! Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.