Which of the following is composed of encapsulated nerve endings?
Free nerve endings of sensory neurons. Tactile discs Muscle spindles. Hair follicle receptors.
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Muscle spindles are classified as encapsulated nerve endings. In addition to nerve fibers. The connective tissue capsule also encloses a bundle of modified skeletal muscle fibers called intrafusal muscle fibers.
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What are the Pressure. Pain. Temperature receptors in the skin?
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The exteroceptors are the receptors for Pressure. Pain. And. Temperature in the skin.
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What do the Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of. L. 4. to. S. 4. form?
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The Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of. L. 4. to. S. 4. form sacral plexus.
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The brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. What could Injury to the brachial plexus cause weakness or paralysis to the. Deltoid muscle. Biceps brachii muscle. Muscles that flex the wrist and fingers.
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The brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. What could Injury to the brachial plexus couldn't cause weakness or paralysis to.The sternocleidomastoid muscle because it is innervated by the accessory cranial nerve and branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3.
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A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. The Facial cranial nerve has been damaged.
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Why might an individual experience the phenomenon known as. Referred pain? Visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers. A person experiencing a heart attack may feel pain that radiates along the medial aspect of the left arm.
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Problems in balance may follow trauma to the vestibulocochlear nerve.
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Striking the funny bone is actually stimulation of or injury to the ulnar nerve.
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A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in sciatica.
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The cerebellum and basal nuclei are the ultimate planners and coordinators of complex motor activities and are therefore at the top of the motor control hierarchy.
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Proprioceptors are sensitive to stimuli associated with body movements. The muscle spindle is responsive to muscle stretch.
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Nociceptors receptors adapt most slowly.
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In carpal tunnel syndrome. There may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the cutaneous branches of the median nerve.
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Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to flex the wrist. One action of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is wrist flexion. This muscle is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
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Tonic receptors provide a sustained response with little or no adaptation. Nociceptors and most proprioceptors are tonic receptors because of the protective importance of the information.
The effects of neurotransmitters released from either sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic neurons may be stimulatory or inhibitory. The effects may be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the neurotransmitter released and the particular receptors within effector organs.
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Nerves that only carry impulses away from the CNS are motor efferent nerves.
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Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include the. Facial Nerve. Oculomotor Nerve. Trigeminal Nerve.
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The receptor level is the first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system.
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The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include the. Glossopharyngeal Nerve. Facial Nerve. Trigeminal Nerve.
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Sensory receptors are classified by. The type of stimulus detected. Location in the body. And. Structural complexity
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Nociceptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli like noxious chemicals and extremes of temperature or pH. Nociceptors are generally associated with free nerve endings of specialized neurons.
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Within a nerve. Each axon is surrounded by endoneurium. A delicate layer of loose connective tissue that also encloses the fiber's associated Schwann cells.
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A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the femoral.
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All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the thalamus.
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The phrenic nerve. Which arises from the cervical plexus. Supplies both motor and sensory fibers to the diaphragm. The main breathing muscle. Irritation of the phrenic nerve causes spasms of the diaphragm. Or hiccups. If both phrenic nerves are severed. The diaphragm is paralyzed and respiratory arrest occurs.
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Which of the following nerves arise from the brachial plexus?
Ulnar Nerve. Radial Nerve. Median Nerve.
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CNS nerve fibers lack the intrinsic capacity to regenerate, while PNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate. Most CNS fibers never regenerate. Consequently. Damage to the brain or spinal cord has been viewed as irreversible.
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The patellar knee jerk reflex is an example of a stretch reflex
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Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and had a tingling sensation. What could be his problem?
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Compression of the radial nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called "Saturday night paralysis."
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The stretch reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone. And thus muscle length. And adjusting it reflexively. It is most important in the large extensor muscles that sustain upright posture and in postural muscles of the trunk.
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Receptor Afferent neuron. Integration center. Efferent neuron. Effector. Is the correct simple spinal reflex arc
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Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical force such as. Pressure. Vibration. Stretch. And. Touch. Allowing us to feel an insect landing on our skin.
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Exteroceptors are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body.
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The flexor muscles in the anterior arm. Biceps brachii and brachialis. Are innervated by musculocutaneous.
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Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are involuntary. Yet may be modified by learned behavior.
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The vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits afferent impulses for the sense of equilibrium. The cochlear branch transmits afferent impulses for the sense of hearing.
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Bell's palsy is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles.
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The phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus. It supplies both motor and sensory fibers to the diaphragm. The main breathing muscle.
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Axons constitute only a small fraction of a nerve's bulk. The balance consists chiefly of myelin. The protective connective tissue wrappings. Blood vessels. And lymphatic vessels.
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There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
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Somatic reflexes activate skeletal muscle.
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The outflow of the ANS is characterized by a two neuron chain spanning from CNS to effector organ both pre and post ganglionic neurons.
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The sciatic nerve is a combination of the common fibular and tibial nerves.
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Anatomically. General sensory receptors are nerve endings that are either nonencapsulated. Free. Or encapsulated.
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All 31 pairs of spinal nerves are mixed nerves. They carry both afferent. Sensory. Impulses toward the. C. N. S. And efferent. Motor. Impulses away from the. C. N. S.
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The largest branch of the sacral plexus. The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in the body.
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The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the tibial nerve.
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Median nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome.
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The grasped arm is withdrawn. Via the flexor reflex. As the opposite arm pushes you away from the attacker. Via crossed extensor reflex. As in this scenario. The crossed-extensor reflex often accompanies the flexor reflex.
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Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are. Roots. Trunks. Divisions. Cords
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After axonal injury. Regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by Schwann cells.
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Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following. Hair follicle receptors. Tactile discs. Meissner's corpuscles.
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The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity. Starting and stopping movements. And coordinating postural movements.
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Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are afferent nerves.
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A purely sensory nerve. The olfactory nerve carries afferent impulses for the sense of smell.
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In a crossed-extensor reflex. If the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would extend.
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Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical force such as touch. Pressure. Vibration. And stretch.
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The branches of lumbar plexus include the following nerves. Femoral. Obturator. Lateral femoral cutaneous. Iliohypogastric. Ilioinguinal. And genitofemoral.
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Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by nociceptors.
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The ventral. Motor. Nerve roots and the dorsal. Sensory. Nerve roots merge as they leave the vertebral column to form the spinal nerve proper. A mixed nerve. The spinal nerve immediately branches into a small dorsal ramus. Branch. And a larger ventral ramus. Both of which are mixed nerves. Meaning they contain both motor and sensory fibers.
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If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut. We would experience a complete loss of voluntary movement.
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A collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are found within ganglion
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The ganglia of the sympathetic division are located nearer to the spinal cord and the ganglia of the parasympathetic division are located nearer to. Or within. Target organs.
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