BSC 2011 Undergraduate

A student created the table above as a study guide. Evaluate the accuracy of the information shown in the table

Where does meiosis take place in the moss life cycle?

Where does fertilization take place in the moss life cycle?

Which set of terms represents a haploid/diploid pair?

The table lists structures associated with portions of the life cycle in a conifer. Where on this table could an arrow be placed to indicate when meiosis occurs?

n conifers, male gametophytes are called _______ and are formed by the division of microspores.

How do the sporophyte and gametophyte generations compare in a conifer?

Which statement describes events leading to formation of offspring in the conifer life cycle?

A biologist isolates cells that are not actively producing auxin from a section of a plant stem. She places them in a culture dish with a growth medium that keeps the cells alive. When she adds auxin to the dish, the cells begin synthesizing more cellulose. What is an alternative that the biologist could add instead of auxin that would allow her to observe the same response?

Which is the correct order of events during auxin-mediated cell elongation?

A biologist investigating the response of a particular plant species to light cues stumbles upon three mutant plant lines. Each displays a lack of normal phototropic behavior but varies in the auxin concentrations present in their growing tips. Based on the information given in the table, what could explain the behaviors of the three mutants?

When a plant is illuminated from one side, auxin is transported to the _______ side of the shoot, where it stimulates cells to _______, causing the shoot to bend toward the light.

Where does the energy come from that drives water transport in plants?

Which would you expect to increase the rate of water transport in a plant?

What structures allow water vapor to escape the leaves of a plant?

According to the current model of fluid flow in xylem, what creates the force that moves water from the roots to the leaves?

The hypothalamus is an example of a system under negative feedback control that _______ change when an imbalance is detected and _______ change when signals indicate balance has been restored.

If the body's temperature drops below normal,

The hypothalamus functions as a

A student runs on a treadmill for 10 minutes. She stops running and begins to measure the temperature of skin on her arm at one-minute intervals for a total of 8 minutes following her run. She records the values in the table shown. What can be inferred from these data?

How does the respiratory system in birds differ from the mammalian respiratory system?

Refer to the table below. A student creates the table above as a study guide. Evaluate the accuracy of the information shown.

What is the function of the air sacs in the respiratory system of birds?

Which sequence describes the order of structures through which air travels in the bird respiratory system?

The cardiac cycle refers to the rhythmic relaxation (known as _______) and contraction (known as _______) of the _______.

During the systole phase of the cardiac cycle, high blood pressure in the ventricles forces the

With age, the tissues making up a heart valve can lose flexibility and become stiff and narrowed while retaining their one-way closure properties. Suppose a man's aortic valve is affected by this condition but his ventricles do not change their force of contraction. Which of the following will likely happen?

How does blood pressure in the aorta change as the heart goes through a cardiac cycle, and why?

How does the body deal with excess glucose?

If blood glucose levels drop below the set point needed to maintain homeostasis, the pancreas will

How do insulin and glucagon function in the body?

A biologist interested in studying glucagon and its physiological effects wants to develop a mutant mouse line that does not produce glucagon. What should she look for in an initial screening step to identify a pool of mice that could potentially have such a mutation?

What is the role of perforin in the cellular immune response?

A biologist identifies a mutant line of mice that lacks the cellular immune response. He suspects that a mutation in these mice affects the ability of host cells to carry out the antigen presentation step during the activation phase. What could the biologist do to test his hypothesis?

Place the events in order of their sequence during the cellular immune response.

Suppose a mouse develops loss of sodium pump activity in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in all of the nephrons in both kidneys. What problem would you expect this mouse to have?

What physiological outcome results from the structure and activity of the loop of Henle?

Why is there an extensive capillary network associated with each nephron?

The basic functional unit of the mammalian kidney filters the blood and actively secretes and reabsorbs specific solute molecules. What is the name of this unit?

Which of the following actions would you expect to be occurring in the body of a person who has been stranded in a hot desert for several hours?

Match each description with the appropriate structure.

The four components shown in the table are included within a negative-feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Knowing this, which of the following statements about this system are true?

In a negative-feedback loop, a hormone _______ the hypothalamus and/or anterior pituitary when the hormone levels get too _______.

What regulates the ovarian and uterine cycles?

In women, ovulation occurs at approximately which day of a 28-day ovarian cycle?

A class of pharmaceutical agents taken by women act as contraceptives—agents that prevent pregnancy. Which of the following agents would act as a contraceptive?

At the end of the ovarian cycle, if a woman is not pregnant, the corpus luteum

After a stimulus results in initial depolarization of a region of cell membrane of a neuron, a threshold voltage is reached. Once this happens, which of the following takes place?

At the peak of the action potential,

Your middle ear consists of a series of three bones—the malleus, incus, and stapes—connecting the eardrum to the cochlea. The primary function of your middle ear is to

How does the human ear transduce sound vibrations into action potentials?

The principal elements of the human ear for converting vibrations into neural activity are found on the _______ of the _______.

Your outer ear consists of the structure located on the outside of your head called the _______, and the _______ that leads to the eardrum.

Identify the structures labeled A, B, and C in the diagram of a sarcomere above.

The sliding filament theory states that during muscle contraction

A pharmaceutical company is interested in developing a drug that can act as a muscle relaxant. Preliminary research has led to the development of four compounds, each having a different mechanism of action in muscle tissue as described in the table. Which compound has potential to be developed as a muscle relaxant?

Muscle contraction is an energy-dependent process, requiring the hydrolysis of ATP to supply the necessary energy. At what point during a muscle contraction does ATP hydrolysis occur?

Precipitation tends to be _______ on the _______ side of a mountain because water vapor _______ as it rises there.

The information in the table provides general descriptions of a mountain region and its eastern and western sides. Based on this information, where would you most likely find a large water resource and in what direction would the prevailing winds blow? Region: west of mountains, Biome: Sagebrush desert Region: mountains, Biome: temperate desert on western slope, dense stands of timber on eastern slope Region: east of mountains, Biome: temperate rainforest

Which of the following statements about air is correct?

The Cascade Mountains bisect the state of Washington into western and eastern portions. The western portion is bounded on its western border by the Pacific Ocean. The eastern portion is bounded on its eastern border by the state of Idaho. What might you predict about these two portions based on the information presented in the tutorial?

Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from most to least biologically diverse?

Which of the following factors are important in determining the type of biome that characterizes a particular region?

Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from lowest to highest average annual temperature?

Which of the following biomes has the greatest annual rainfall?

Which of the following sets of factors is important in distinguishing aquatic biomes?

Which of the following sequences places the aquatic biomes in order from lowest to highest salinity?

Which of the following aquatic biomes is known for its high biological diversity?

Which of the following pairs of aquatic biomes shares the most similarities?

Which pathway represents the shortest path that a nitrogen atom in atmospheric nitrogen, N2, could travel and end up in a protein in a human?

A student remarks that it is a good thing that humans discovered how to use industrial processes to fix nitrogen because this ensures that the nitrogen cycle can remain intact if nitrogen-fixing bacteria ever go extinct. Evaluate the accuracy of this statement.

How are humans influencing the nitrogen cycle?

By what process does nitrogen enter the living components of ecosystems?

How are humans influencing the carbon cycle?

Suppose human activities that influence the carbon cycle came to a complete stop. Use the information provided in the figure to predict the net effect on global carbon cycling.

Which of the following is the major compartment for carbon in Earth's system?

Use the figure above to compare the quantity of carbon present in the atmosphere to that present in fossil fuels. What percent of the carbon in the fossil fuel compartment would double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere if it was burned?

What form of radiation is absorbed by Earth's surface and atmosphere, and what form does this radiation take when it eventually moves off into space?

The table shows data representing three planets: Venus, Earth, and Mars. Use information provided in the tutorial to help you think about what the data show. Which of the following statements must be true about the atmospheres on these three planets?

How do greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere affect Earth's radiation budget?

The diagram shows the paths taken by radiation after being absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and surface. How would the diagram change if the levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere were dramatically reduced?

At Glacier Bay, Alaska, why were Dryas (an herbaceous plant) and alder trees among the first plants to appear during the ecological succession of gravel deposits left behind by a retreating glacier?

After reading about the changes at Glacier Bay, a student remarks that the pattern and interactions of organisms present at each stage in succession creates the conditions that lead to the pattern present at the next stage. A second student remarks that the soil produced at each stage of succession helps define the pattern present at the next stage. Evaluate these two statements.

Which of the following statements about ecological transitions is true?

At Glacier Bay, Alaska, the gravel deposits left behind by a retreating glacier were colonized first by which of the following organisms?

Biologists collected the data shown above from bird species inhabiting two islands near a mainland. According to the MacArthur-Wilson model, what could be the relationship between the two islands? Island 1: average number of species 8.90, colonization rate .33, extinction rate 0.08 Island 2: number of species 1.72, colonization rate .13, extinction rate 0.08

Which statement is supported by the MacArthur-Wilson model simulation?

According to results from the simulation in the tutorial, which island characteristics are associated with the highest species richness?

A tsunami strikes a large peninsula, destroying the bird populations living there. The tsunami also fragments the peninsula into three islands of similar size but different distances from the mainland. What would the MacArthur-Wilson model predict about bird populations on these islands in the future? (Assume that birds do not migrate between islands.)

How do changing values for r affect the growth rate of a population?

The equations used in the tutorial apply to populations over short time intervals. Why can they not be applied to populations over very long time periods?

How long will it take a population of 550 moose to double if 25 offspring are born and 14 moose die on average per year?

What is meant by the term "doubling time" and how did changing values for N0 affect the doubling time of a population?

What is carrying capacity?

The red and green solid lines show changes over the same time period for two different populations of the same plant species. Which of the following statements can be made about these two populations?

If the size of a population is greater than the carrying capacity (K), what will happen to the population?

The red and green solid lines show changes over the same time period for two populations of two different animal species living in the same region. Which of the following statements can be made about these two populations?

The solid blue and green lines trace the population growth of two different species living in isolation in the same environment without the other species present. The dotted lines trace the population growth of the same species living together in the same environment. What can be concluded about these two species?

What do each of the two terms labeled as 1 and 2 represent in this equation?

Which of the following is an outcome of interspecific competition?

Why are the two terms labeled as 1 and 2 connected by a minus sign?