Biology; Macromolecules

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose)

Amino Acids

Nucleotides

Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3)

Short-term or immediate Energy Source

Long-term Energy Source

Store and Transmit your Genetic Information

1. Controls the Rates of Reactions 2. Fights Diseases 3. Forms Cell Structures 4. Regulates Cell Processes 5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell

Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose Disaccharides Polysaccharides

glucose, fructose

sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (glucose + glucose) lactose (galactose + glucose)

glycogen, starch, and cellulose

Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids

Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin

DNA and RNA

a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen.

Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy; storage or transmission of genetic information.

Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Carbohydrates

forms polymers and a water molecule

Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water

macromolecules get energy from bonds

result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide)

polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long)

peptide or protein

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

disaccharide

-All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis -all covalent bonds -water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis

Requires water and releases energy Taking molecules apart

lipid

hydrogen ion is present

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus

saccharides

two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine

Polymer is a protein aka peptide Lots of amino acids linked together

Fatty acid consists of single bonds

Fatty acid contains double bonds

Protein (enzyme)