Astronomy Chapter 23: The Milky Way Galaxy

24 July 2022
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The location of the Galactic Center was first found by Harlow Shapely with
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RR Lyrae variables in globular clusters.
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Based on star counts, 100 years ago most astronomers thought:
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We lay near the center of a disk about 10 kpc and 2 kpc thick.
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It was the distribution of ____ that showed Harlow Shapely we were no where near the center of the Milky Way in the 1920s.
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Globular clusters.
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What is one of the differences between Cepheids and RR Lyrae variables?
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The RR Lyrae stars have much shorter periods than Cepheids.
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The period-luminosity relation is critical in finding distances with
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Cepheid variables.
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Which two classes of objects were critical to the Shapely-Curtiss Debate of 1920?
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Globular clusters and spiral nebulae.
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What is the correct description of the Sun's location within the Milky Way?
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In the disc and about one-half a galactic radius from the center.
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In structure, our Milky Way is most similar to
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M-31, the Andromeda Galaxy.
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For what type of object is the period-luminosity relation used for determining distances?
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Cepheids.
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The region on the H-R diagram where pulsating variables occur is called the:
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Instability strip.
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The part of the Milky Way we are most familiar with is the:
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Galactic disk.
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All RR Lyrae stars have about the same:
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Luminosity of about 100 Suns.
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The RR Lyrae stars all have periods of:
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Several Hours.
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The period-luminosity relation was discovered in 1908 by:
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Henrietta Leavitt.
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Why was Herschel's strategy for mapping our Galaxy flawed?
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He relied on visual wavelengths, which are obscured by dust.
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A star in the instability strip of the H-R diagram would:
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Vary in both temperature and radius.
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Which of the following are most massive and luminous?
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Cepheid Variables.
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The first attempt to map the Galaxy via star counts was done by:
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William Herschel in the late eighteenth century.
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Galactic disks appear blue because:
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O and B blue giants are much brighter than G, K, or M dwarfs.
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Harlow Shapely found the Milky Way was:
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Much larger than previously thought.
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What perception of the Milky Way Galaxy did astronomers have in 1900?
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They believed that the Milky Way was the entire universe.
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Both RR Lyrae and Cepheid variable stars are stars that, when on the main sequence, were considered to be:
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High mass.
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From the Sun, the distance to the Galactic Center is about:
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8,000 pc.
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Detailed measurements of the disk and central bulge region of our Galaxy suggest our Milky Way is a:
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Barred spiral galaxy.
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Matter belonging to the Galaxy can be traced out to ___ from the center.
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50 kpc.
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In the formation of our Galaxy, the ___ formed first.
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Globular clusters.
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Star formation ceased first in the:
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Halo.
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The "aspect ratio" of thickness to width of the galactic disk is about:
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1:100
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In the halo, we do NOT find:
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Spiral arms.
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From Earth the view of the Milky Way is a thin band of stars across the night sky. The part of the Milky Way galaxy that is described here is the:
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Disk.
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Which is the correct description for the Sun's location in the Galaxy?
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In the disk, and about half way out from the center.
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Which of these objects have NOT been found in the Galactic Halo?
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Emission Nebulae.
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The Galactic Year is the time for our solar system to orbit the Galaxy, it is about:
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225 million years.
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Which sequence of formation by age is correct, oldest to youngest?
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Globular clusters, emission nebulae, open clusters.
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Which of these is NOT typical of the Galaxy's spiral arms?
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Population II giants like orange Arcturus.
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Most of the new star formation in the Galaxy is found in the:
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Spiral arms.
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The orbits of Population II stars have been compared to:
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Comets around the Sun.
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Most of the mass of the Milky Way seems to exist in the form of:
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Dark matter out in the Halo.
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Density waves may explain:
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The spiral arm structure of the Galaxy.
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Using an orbit size of 8kpc, and a period of 225 million years, the mass of our Galaxy is found to be closest to:
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10^11 solar masses.
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Which of the following is most like the rotation of stars in the disk of the Milky Way?
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Cars moving at a constant speed on a circular race track.
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What observations suggest the mass of the Galaxy goes much farther out than its visible disk?
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The rotation curve of the outermost portions of the disc.
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While yet unproven, the proposed WIMPS would be:
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Massive like neutrons, but more elusive than neutrinos.
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Between us and the Galactic Center, the Milky Way has a mass of:
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100 billion suns.
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What use are 21 cm radio waves to galactic astronomers?
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Their Doppler shifts let us map the motions and locations of gas in the spiral arms.
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Which method relies on the mass of a dark object revealing its presence?
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Temporary brightening of a distant star by a gravity lens.
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These objects are no longer considered a good explanation for the dark matter in the halo.
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Clouds of cool, neutral hydrogen.
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The radio source ___ is located in a place consistent with the center of our Galaxy.
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Sgr A*
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The leading explanation for the existence of spiral arms are:
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Passages of spiral density waves through the interstellar medium.
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What two observations allow us to calculate the Galaxy's mass?
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The Sun's orbital velocity and its distance from the Galactic Center.