The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that Earth and other planets orbit the Sun.
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e) Copernicus
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He was the first to prove that comets lie beyond Earth's atmosphere.
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b) Tycho Brahe
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He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses.
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a) Kepler
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He discovered that Jupiter has moons.
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d) Galileo
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When Copernicus first created his Sun-centered model of the universe, it did not lead to substantially better predictions of planetary positions than the Ptolemaic model. Why not?
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a) Copernicus used perfect circles for the orbits of the planets, whereas planets actually have elliptical orbits.
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One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was:
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b) Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter
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Which of the following is not one of, nor follows directly from, Kepler's laws?
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e) the force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers
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Kepler's third law, p^2=a^3 , means that
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e) all of the above are correct
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Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, means that:
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b) a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun
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What is meant by a scientific-paradigm?
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a) a generally well-established scientific theory or set of theories
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What is meant by a hypothesis?
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b) an explanation for a phenomenon that makes a prediction
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Which of the following statements about scientific theories is false?
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e) theories are not taken seriously if they contradict older, more developed, theories
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