Art Appreciation Test 2

31 August 2022
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medium
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THE MATERIAL ON OR FROM WHICH AN ARTIST CHOOSES TO MAKE A WORK OF ART
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drawing
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A formal graphical representation of an object containing information based on the drawing type.
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dry media
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graphite, metalpoint, pastel, crayon, chalk
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graphite
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black form of carbon used in lead pencils
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pencil
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a deposit of solid graphite
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B & H graphite
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b is softer/darker h is harder/lighter
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color pencil
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higher amounts of wax and pigment than in normal pencils
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pigment
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the colorant in art materials. often made from finely ground materials
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silverpoint
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metal that leaves a fibers mark on a surface. silver wire set in a wood holder, marking the surface.
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ground
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the surface or background onto which an artist pants
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charcoal
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vine/compressed.
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compressed charcoal
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binding agent such as wax is sometimes added
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vine charcoal
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vine branches and is very soft and easily erased
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chalk
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has a binding agent and pigment usually// powdered calcium carbonate mixed with gum arabic binder
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pastel
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pigment combined with gum arabic, wax, or oil.
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crayon
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pigment combined with wa
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gum arabic
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a tree sap binder
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conte crayon
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heavily pigmented crayon sometimes manufactured with graphite
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erasers
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used for correction
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fixatives
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used to set in place the medium
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wet media
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applied with brushes or pens
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brushes
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ink that can be applied with a brush
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pens
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modern version of a quill.. with metal nib at the end
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ink
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permanent
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carbon ink
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made by mixing soot with water and gum.. used in china.. discolors over time... contemporary version is called india ink
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india ink
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contemporary version of carbon ink
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iron gall ink
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near permanence, black color. mixture of tannin (from oak trees), iron sulfate, gum arabic, and water.
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quill
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shaft of a birds feather, or hollow reed.. carved to a point in which ink is applied
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reed
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?
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brush drawing
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ancient chinese did this.. brushes are made of bamboo shaft and either ox, goat, horse, or wolf hair.
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gesture drawing
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aims to identify and react to the main visual and expressive characteristics of a form. captures the energy of the moment
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paper
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before paper, papyrus was used.. or animal hide..Paper was invented in china by chai pun... made it from pounded or macerated plant fibers.
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tooth
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..
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life drawing
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..
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contour drawing
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aims to register the essential qualities of 3d form by rendering the outline...
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woodcut
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relief prints that use wood
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burin
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A pointed tool used for engraving or incising
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engraving
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based on careful scoring of a metal plate so that clean gouges are created in the surface
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drypoint
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the burin is pulled instead of being pushed like in engraving. leaving a rougher edge...the plate is wiped the ink is caught under the burr.
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etching
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a process in which a metal plate is covered with an acid resistant coating, into which the artist scratches the design.
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aquatint
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The image is created in a coating of powdered rosin (tree sap), or spray paint, on the surface of the plate... when heated the rosin melts onto the surface creating a mottled acid resistant barrier into which the design is etched.
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rosin
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a tree sap
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pmezotint
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produces dark rich values. an intaligio printmaking process based on roughening the entire printing to accept ink; the artist smoothes non-image areas.
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lithography
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writing done on stone...
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silkscreen
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versatile printing process...now days a fine mesh usually made out of nylon...the image area of the screen is open and allows ink to pass through while the rest of the screen is masked off.
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stencil
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a perforated template allowing ink or paint to pass through to print a design
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squeegee
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screen print-makers scrape this tool over a stencil, inking exposed fabric
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photographic silkscreen
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andy warhol used this..
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monoprint/monotype
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print tech where the artist means to produce a unique image monotype-prints from a polished plate, glass or metal monoprints-any print process
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digital photography
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uses a digital camera, a computer, and image-editing software to create photographic quality pictures. It blends the art of photography with the technology of computers.
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camera obscura
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a darkened enclosure in which images of outside objects are projected through a small aperture or lens onto a facing surface
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aperture
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an opening or hole
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daguerreotype
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An early photographic process developed by Louis Daguerre in the 1830s, which required a treated metal plate. This plate was exposed to light, and the chemical reactions on the plate created the first satisfactory photographs.
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calotype
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A photographic process in which a positive image is made by shining light through a negative image onto a sheet of sensitized paper.
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cyanotype
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Uses paper with iron that develops as blue where exposed to light. Invented by Sir John Herschel in 1842.
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pixels
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the smallest amount of visible data in an image.
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portraiture
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most popular.. facial.. popular because before they had to paint them
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landscape
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take pictures of the land and its natural features
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still life
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photographs of a collection of objects in the photographers studio
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photojournalism
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is the use of photography to tell a news story
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photography as art debate
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many think that it was just recording reality
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how photographers presented their work as art
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//
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borrowing from painting
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using a painting as a background or something.. Reijlander used this
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history painting
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..
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combination printing
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images taken with two different frames printed together side by side
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recording detail and stopping time
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?
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collage
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a composition created by gluing together fragments of separate materials to form an image.
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photomontage
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a single photographic image that combines several seperatee images.
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black-and-white vs. color
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some artists would hand tint their film to make color photographs before they were invented.
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paint
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composed of pigment suspended in a liquid binder that dries after it has been applied
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pigment
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the colored material used in paints.. often made from finely ground materias
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binder
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a substance that makes pigments adhere to a surface
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support
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stiff backed support needed when using encaustic.. it may crack when cool
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encaustic
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attractively semi transparent paint medium that was used by the ancient geek and romans. mix pigments with hot wax and apply the mixture quickly.
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brushes
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used to spread encaustic
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palette knife
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used to spread encaustic
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tempera
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egg tempera
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fresco
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painting technique in which the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster
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buon fresco
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(good fresco) must prepare the wall with plaster...(wet)layers of plaster..
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fresco secco
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dry fresco
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journee
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?
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oil paint
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oil adheres to the cloth support.. transparent. can add layers.. can make changes.. doesn't dry quick
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linseed oil
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Common binder for oil paint.
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glaze
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thin layers of color
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impasto
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paint applied in thick layers
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acrylic
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pigments suspended in an acrylic polymer resin
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watercolor
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suspend pigment in water with a sticky binder.. often transparent
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gouache
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an additive (often chalk) in gouche makes the paint opaque
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ink painting
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commonly used on paper.. painting inks have a binder (often gum arabic) raher than being suspended in water.
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visual communication design
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is the use of symbols to communicate information and ideas.
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graphic design
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the art of improving visual comm design
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hieroglyphics
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Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.
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calligraphy
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art of emotive or carefully descriptive hand lettering or handwriting
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papyrus
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A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East.
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parchment
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writing material made from the skin of a sheep or goat
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typography
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the visual form of printed letters, words and text
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letterforms
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form of the letters
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font
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a group of letterforms designed to have a unified appearance.
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serif
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easier to read... the line off of the letter
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logo
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communication tools.. carefully designed piece of type, called logotype, that is unique and easily identified.
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illustration
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are images created to inform as well as to embellish the printed page
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layout design
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art of organizing type, logos, and illustrations in traditional print media
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white space
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the voids that lie between text areas and images
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edition
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limited numbers of identical impressions
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relief
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carving out
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intaglio
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"cut into" sharp tool used to cut the surface
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planography
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made from entirely flat surface.. the printmaker treats part of the surface so the ink adheres only to selected areas
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woodblock print
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a type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page
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film
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movie
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negative in photography
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a reversed image, in which light areas are dark, and dark areas are light
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positive
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an image in which light areas are light and dark areas are dark
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fix
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the chemical process used to ensure a photographic image becomes permananet
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moving image
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moving image
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zoetrope
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an antique childs toy contained a rotating cylinder with a sequence of images on the inside
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silent films
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no soundtrack
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nickelodeons
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small storefront movie theaters.. musical accompaniments with live piano drums and some provided lecturers to explain the action as the moving pictures played.
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movie palaces
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Ornate, lavish single-screen movie theaters that emerged in the 1910s in the United States
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color films
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was a novelty..
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film genres
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genres of film
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storyboards
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a series of drawings or photographs that the director creates before the movie is filmed to help the director visualize what will appear late on screen (these pictures are put in order to create a final storyboard)
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cel animation
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the use of transparent pages to create a sense of movement
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stop-action animation
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Using puppets, dolls, or models to create scenes in a movie is called ________.
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steel-frame construction
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the use of cast iron from construction
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cast iron
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more flexible than stone
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balloon framing
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a construction method where the walls are framed before the floor is built, and the wall cavity is often open to both the attic and the basement
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pendentive
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A construction shaped like a triangle that transitions the space between flat walls and the base of a round dome
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pointed arch
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gothic arch
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flying buttress
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a buttress that stands apart from the main structure and connected to it by an arch
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buttress
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(v.) to support, prop up, strengthen; (n.) a supporting structure
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keystone
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U KNOW IT
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voussoirs
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wedge shaped blocks holding the curve of the arch
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barrel vault
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the simplest form of vault consisting of an unbroken series of arches; it forms a tunnel like shape
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vault
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an archilike structure supporting a ceiling or roof
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corbelled arch
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built by letting successive stones overhand slightly
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colonnade
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row of columns
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hypostyle hall
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a hall with a roof supported by columns
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column
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support beam
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lintel
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____ <---- | |
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post
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___ | |<---
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post-and-lintel construction
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lintels rest on top of two posts.
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load-bearing construction
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A simple primitive stack and pile method that relies on a strong foundation to support the structure. As height increases, durability decreases. A disadvantage of a load-bearing construction is that there are limited opening space or windows, as this cuts into the direct support, possibly causing damage to a structure.
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compression
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A force that pushes on or squeezes a material.
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installation art
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involves the construction of a space or the assembly of objects to create an envornment.
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light sculpture
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using light to create a sculpture
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kinetic sculpture
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3d art that moves impelled by air currents, motors, or people
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appropriation
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the deliberate incorporation in an artwork of material originally created by other artists
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found objects
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an object found by an artist and presented, ,with little or no alteration as a part of a work or as a finished work of art itself
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assemblage
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n. A collection or gathering of people or things
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readymade
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raw artifacts that already exist/presented as a work of art
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Earthworks
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artworks created by altering a large area of land using natural and organic materials. Earthworks are usually large-scale projects that take formal advantage of the local topography.
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the lost-wax process
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wax casting
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casting
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additive process, adding a liquid or pliable material to mold
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armature
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A framework used to support material being modeled in sculpture
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modeling
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additive process, builds up the work by adding material
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carving
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carving down, taking away
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additive method
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builds up work
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subtractive method
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carving away
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high relief
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a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background
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bas-relief
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a sculpture carved with very little depth
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relief
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a raised form on a largely flat background. a coin is in relief
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in the round
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a freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides
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freestanding
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can be experienced from every point of view.. or not.
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sculpture
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three dimensional work of art, statue
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metalwork
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can be heated to a liquid state and poured into molds. or can be hammered into shape.
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glassblowing
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The art of shaping molten glass into glass objects by blowing air through a tube.
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glass
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relies on heat and materials dug from earth. the process of applying intense heat to melt silica together with lead. slow cooling of heat is critical.
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slab construction
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roll out a flat sheet of clay. they then cut this clay into the shapes they need to make the object.
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potter's wheel
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wheel on which clay is spun
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throwing
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process of making poetry on a wheel.
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coil method
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using coils to create a clay object, a coinl is created by rolling the clay on a flat surface so that it extends into a long rope like shape
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glaze
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a liquid known as a slip.. adds a glass like finish that adds color texture and protection
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kiln
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where the firing takes place, melted and hardens the glaze and fuses to the clay
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wedging
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the clay is kneaded to work out pockets of air
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clay
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natural material dug from earth
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Dada
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artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers
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site-specific art
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Art that is produced in or for one location and is not intended to be relocated.
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conceptual art
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a work in which the ideas are often as important as how it is made
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alternative media
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Media channels that give voice to a wide range of viewpoints
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performance art
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a work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front of an audience