APUSH: Chapter 4

Unhealthy, disease, heat, humidity, Ratio of men to women 6 to 1 Weak family ties in Virginia and England, 8000 in Virginia, 1250 survived by 1625, Men died 10 years earlier than if they had stayed in England

By 1630 1.5 million tons of tobacco shipped to England, Was used as a currency

Indians were too unreliable, Black slaves cost to much, Commoners in England willing to sell themselves into 'slavery' for a period of years

Got a 'free' ticket to the New World, Got a set of clothes (once a year), shelter (the loft in the barn), food (table scraps), In return, master/owner got worker from sun up to sun down, If worker did anything master/owner didn't like years were added onto the contract

A practice where a person who pays for passage of an Indentured Servant received 50 acres of land, Noblemen/rich buy up huge tracts of land, Became the class of merchant-planters/ forerunner of the plantation owners, By 1700, 100,000 Indentured Servants (white slaves) in Virginia—more than blacks

Freemen but didn't have land or a job, Threatened the landholders

Bacon's Rebellion--1676 Led 1000 freemen into Jamestown to overthrow the government, REASON—they weren't doing anything about the "Indian" problem, whites, blacks and Indians banded together *Class struggle between rich and poor—economic racism*

1619—20 brought into Jamestown, By 1670 only 2000 in Virginia out of 35,000 whites, 1680's job boom in England, less Indentured Servants, Reason—all of raw materials from the colonies, because of the Navigation Laws, cause England to start the Industrial Revolution, Causes a labor shortage in colonies

Royal African Company loses its charter, New Englanders rush to fill the void—very lucrative, Next fifty years tens of thousand slaves are brought to colonies—start to out number whites

The trip from Africa to the West Indies or N. America, 20 percent of all slaves on board ship died

1662—Slaves codes are officially declared in Virginia, Blacks and their children are the property for life of their white masters—permanent indentured servants, used the Bible to put the fear of God into their slaves, Color became a sign of servitude

South Carolina—rice and indigo very hard labor, Virginia-tobacco growing and harvesting is easier, Later, Slavery in Northern south was much better than down in the 'deep' south

1712 slave revolt in New York City. Hudson River Valley had more slaves in 1700 than Virginia,1739 Slave rebellion in South Carolina

Planter Elite—small group of families (Fitzhugh, Lee, Washington, Randolph; FFV) owned vast tracts of land, No middle class, just lower class and slaves

Men that moved to New England added 10 years to their lives because of the clean water and cool temperatures, immigrants to New England came as families not single men, population growth came from natural reproduction

Women had babies about every two years, Wed in early twenties, On average had 10 children

The family structure gave rise to a more stable society than the south

Women's property rights would undermine the institution of marriage so wouldn't get the estate, Gave women civil protections in marriage, Marriage was defended, Infidelity was publicly scorned

Men in south died younger so wives would get the husbands property

Religion is a unifying factor, what is good for the town is good for the individual, Towns legally charter, given tracts of land, Laid out the town, town halls, meeting house-start of democracy, Towns of more than 50 families gave a rudimentary education to their young—Harvard-1636

Development was random, Centered around the plantation, William & Mary-1693

3-5 girls accused women of witchcraft, Women were poor then started to go higher economic women, No actual basis for accusations, 25 people hung or pressed to death

No concept of ownership, Hunted, berry picking and some small scale farming

Concept of ownership, Use the land or lose the land, God has provided His bounty and it must be used, Livestock

Whether in South or North, colonist had it better than their counterparts in England, Land was cheap or free