A&P - Muscle Performance

The soleus muscle is very red in color. Which of these statements about soleus muscle fibers is FALSE? They are rich in myoglobin. They have a slow twitch speed. They are large in diameter. They are slow to fatigue.

The __________ type of muscle fiber has relatively few mitochondria. slow cardiac intermediate fast

Increased muscle fiber endurance can be affected by __________. the type of activity performed a muscle fiber with a smaller diameter the length of the muscle fiber the amount of excitation-contraction coupling

How is delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) different from muscle fatigue? There may be damage to the sarcolemma. Muscle performance is impaired. Delayed-onset muscle soreness occurs a day or more after the physical exertion. Delayed-onset muscle soreness involves pain.

Activities involving eccentric contractions more commonly lead to delayed-onset muscle soreness than concentric or isometric contractions. Which of the following activities is thus a candidate for delayed-onset muscle soreness? carrying a bowling ball pushing against the wall in the gym extension of the biceps brachii flexion of the biceps brachii

Muscle fatigue occurs because of a buildup of __________ and a(n) __________ in pH. lactic acid; decrease lactic acid; increase creatine phosphate; increase creatine phosphate; decrease

The biochemical reaction that consumes the majority of a muscle's ATP is the __________. neuromuscular transmission sodium-potassium pump muscle action potential actin myosin cross-bridge cycle

Fatigued muscles signify __________. lowered body temperature accumulation of pyruvic acid oxygen recovery decreased pH

What is the type of chemical reaction used to rebuild ADP into ATP? hydrolysis rehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis

Which of the following processes produces molecules of ATP and has two pyruvic acid molecules as end products? hydrolysis of creatine phosphate glycolysis Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following processes produces 36 ATP? glycolysis hydrolysis of creatine phosphate Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

The "rest and recovery" period, where the muscle restores depleted reserves, includes all of the following processes EXCEPT __________. Glycogen is synthesized from glucose molecules. Pyruvic acid is converted back to lactic acid. Oxygen rebinds to myoglobin. ATP is used to rephosphorylate creatine into creatine phosphate.

Which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize ATP? white fast twitch fibers red slow twitch fibers

What causes the release of calcium from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum within a muscle cell? arrival of an action potential troponin ATP calcium ion pump

The binding of calcium to which molecule causes the myosin binding sites to be exposed? myosin troponin tropomyosin actin

A myosin head binds to which molecule to form a cross bridge? tropomyosin troponin actin

What causes the myosin head to disconnect from actin? binding of ATP hydrolysis of ATP binding of troponin binding of calcium

What causes the power stroke? binding of ATP calcium hydrolysis of ATP release of ADP and Pi

Bacteria that cause tetanus release a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin. Which of the following components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) does this neurotoxin affect directly? sarcolemma motor neurons epimysium myofilaments

Why do the disease tetanus and the normal sustained muscle contraction called tetanus share the same name? They both eliminate the relaxation phase in the affected muscle fibers. They both enable muscle fibers to reach near maximum tension. They are both brought on by bacterial infections. All of the above.

Which of the following is important to increasing efficiency in tension production? lengthening the zone of overlap a shortened relaxation phase increasing the latent period increasing calcium reclamation

A single muscle stimulus will normally be followed by __________. incomplete tetanus treppe two pulses of calcium ion release a single pulse of calcium ion release

A muscle producing its maximum tension for a prolonged period is in __________. complete tetanus rigor mortis treppe incomplete tetanus

What can the nervous system do to increase muscle tension? recruit larger motor units increase the number of active motor units increase stimulation frequency All of the listed responses can increase muscle tension.