Week 9 Questions

A species that is involved in a facultative mutualism with another: should quickly develop adaptations in direct response to the other species. is reliant on the relationship for survival. can utilize a variety of different resources. can only interact with that particular species.

8. Close interactions that have evolved over time between species are called: metapopulations. symbioses. niches. resource partitioning. interspecific competition.

7. Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, mutualism: None of the answer options is correct. results in a gain for one individual and a loss for the other. results in a gain for one individual and neither a gain nor a loss for the other. results in gain for both individuals. is a lose-lose interaction

2. Symbiotic relationships are subject to natural selection. True False

3. When both participants in a species interaction develop adaptations in direct response to one another, in the long term this could progress into: competitive exclusion. intraspecific competition. coevolution. resource partitioning. extinction of one species.

4. A gardener treats his plants with pesticides, killing any aphids. Once the aphids die, what likely happens to the mutualistic bacteria inhabiting their digestive tracts? The bacteria would contribute to the decomposition of dead aphids. The bacteria would likely die without their mutualistic aphids, as this is an example of a facultative relationship. The bacteria would migrate outside of the digestive tract, and survive on the leaves of garden plants. The bacteria would likely die without their mutualistic aphids, as this is an example of an obligate relationship.

5. Benefits associated with symbiotic relationships might include all of the following EXCEPT: protection. assistance in reproduction. nutrients. shelter. competitive exclusion.

6. A mutualism in which the survival of one or both participants is dependent on the other is: parasitic. facultative. obligate. antagonistic. competitive.

The fact that diverse types of Anolis lizards inhabit (or hunt in) different levels of the tree canopy is the result of the effects of resource partitioning. False True

2. Imagine that a scientist takes a group of Anolis lizards and introduces them into an enclosure at a research facility in continental South America. He notes that the lizards thrive in this new environment. The fact that Anolis lizards could survive in habitats outside of the Caribbean is a reflection of their _____ niche; their _____ niche is determined by predation and resource availability. fundamental; realized realized; realized realized; fundamental fundamental; fundamental

3. The _____ of a species is usually the result of predation, competition, and other types of interaction between species. fundamental niche abiotic environment habitat resource partitioning realized niche

4. When two species compete for resources, the fitness of: only the poor competitor will decrease. both species will decline. both competitors will remain the same. only the better competitor will increase

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, which interaction(s) involve(s) one individual gaining and one individual losing? facultative mutalism commensalism obligate mutalism competition predation

2. Which of the following is expected to reduce competition among individuals? resource partitioning a shortened mating season the disappearance of a predator from an area destruction of habitat space a decrease in the carrying capacity of an environment

3. Which factors contribute MOST to intraspecific competition? a species' fundamental niche and abiotic surroundings predation and parasitism mutualistic relationships population size a species' rate of reproduction and the carrying capacity of the environment

4. Niches are dynamic, and are affected by interactions among species. True False

5. Which of the following is a type of interaction in which BOTH parties are harmed? mutualism predation amensalism commensalism competition

6. Overlap of niches can be minimized through: increased population growth. species evolving similar adaptations over time. resource partitioning. an increase in the similarity of species occupying an area. reduction in the size of the fundamental niche.